First Generation Antipsychotics, Second Generation Antipsychotics T098

First Generation Antipsychotics, Second Generation Antipsychotics

 

Antipsychotic ; 항정신병약의,

Antipsychotics ; 항정신병약,

 

typical antipsychotics ; 전형적인 항정신병 약물,

aypical antipsychotics ; 비전형적인 항정신병 약물,

 

Antagonist ; 길항제, 拮抗劑 ; 길항 작용을 나타내는 약. 두 가지 이상의 약물을 함께 사용함으로써 한쪽 약물이 다른 약물의 효과를 감소시키거나 양쪽 약물의 효과가 상호 감소 한다.

Antagonist ; Pharmacology[약리학, 약물학]. a drug that counteracts[(무엇의 악영향에) 대응하다] the effects of another drug.

 

Extrapyramidal, 추체 외로 의(錐體外路的) ;

추체외로, 바닥핵과 그와 관련된 신경회로로 바닥핵은 대뇌반구의 깊은 곳에 위치한 신경세포체의 모임이다.

 

1, 2 세대 항정신병 약물들,

1st Generation Antipsychotics [typical antipsychotics]

2nd Generation Antipsychotics [atypical' antipsychotics]

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1세대 항정신병약, 전형적 항잔신병 약,

1950년대에 개발된 약들,

부작용이 심하다.

First-Generation Antipsychotics (FGAs), also known as “typical antipsychotics,” were developed

in the 1950s.

First antipsychotic introduced; Chlorpromazine entered psychiatric practice in 1952,

 

2세대 항정신병약,

1980년대에 부각되기 시작한 약들, 사용은 1998년에 사용됨,

부작용이 약하다.

Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs), also known as “atypical antipsychotics,” emerged[부상하다, 부각되다] in the 1980s.

Second-Generation of Antipsychotic medications, commonly referred to as "atypical antipsychotics," was introduced in 1998,

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What is the difference between 1st generation and 2nd generation antipsychotics?

 

First-generation antipsychotics are Dopamine Receptor Antagonists (DRA, 도파민 수용체 길항제) and are known as typical antipsychotics.

 

Second-generation antipsychotics are Serotonin-Dopamine Antagonists[세로토닌-도파민 길항제] and are also known as atypical antipsychotics,

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Why are second generation antipsychotics better than first generation?

Second-Generation Antipsychotics generally have a lower affinity[친밀감, 관련성] for the dopamine receptor and also block serotonin receptors, so may be associated with lower risk of these side effects,

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1세대 항정신병약 부작용,

Side Effects of First-Generation Antipsychotics;

 

Extrapyramidal, 추체 외로의(錐體外路的) ;

신경 계통에서 피라미드로를 제외하고 운동 조절에 관여하는 기능을 하는 뇌의 여러 부분을 통틀어 이르는 말.

 

First-generation antipsychotics have a high rate of extrapyramidal[추체 외로의(錐體外路的)] side effects,

including rigidity, bradykinesia[운동 느림증], dystonias[(여러 기관의) 긴장 이상], tremor[떨림], and akathisia[정좌 불능(靜坐不能)].

Tardive dyskinesia (TD), 지발성(遲發性) 안면 마비--that is, involuntary movements in the face and extremities[사지, 두팔 두다리]--is another adverse effect that can occur with first-generation antipsychotics,

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Side Effects of Second-Generation Antipsychotics;

Significant disadvantage of second generation antipsychotic medications;

second-generation antipsychotics gained popularity thanks to a lower risk of neurological side effects. Later, it was discovered that these drugs are associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic side effects: these include hyperglycemia[고혈당(증), 과혈당(증)(過血糖(症)], weight gain and dyslipidemia[이상지혈증],

 

Risk that all second generation antipsychotics carry;

Adverse effects and behavioral toxicity of antipsychotics at therapeutic doses. Sedation. Cognitive impairment[인지장애]. Weight gain and obesity. Metabolic syndrome and its components [waist circumference, dyslipidemia(이상 지혈증), high fasting blood sugar, diabetes mellitus(진성 당뇨병), and hypertension(고혈압)]

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What is the biggest benefit of the second generation antipsychotics?

Second-generation antipsychotic medications, sometimes referred to as 'atypical' antipsychotics, have a lower risk for extrapyramidal[주체외로 의] side effects and tardive dyskinesia than their first-generation counterparts.

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What drugs can cause permanent psychosis?

The representative drugs that can cause psychosis are amphetamine, scopolamine, ketamine, phencyclidine (PCP), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD),

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what are 3rd generation antipsychotics?;

Third (tertiary)-generation antipsychotics themselves are further differentiated by their downstream receptor agonistic and antagonistic effects.

By preferential binding to D3 rather than D2 (alone or in combination with D3), along with partial agonism of D2 receptors, specific pharmacologic effects can be elicited.

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1세대 항정신병 약들,

First-Generation Antipsychotics;

- Chlorpromazine,

- Droperidol,

- Fluphenazine,

- Haloperidol,

- Loxapine,

- Perphenazine,

- Pimozide,

- Prochlorperazine,

- Thioridazine,

- Thiothixene,

- Trifluoperazine,

 

2세대 항정신병 약들,

Second-Generation Antipsychotics (Monotherapy, 단일요법);

- Aripiprazole,

- Asenapine,

- Clozapine,

- Iloperidone,

- Lurasidone,

- Olanzapine,

- Paliperidone,

- Quetiapine,

- Risperidone,

- Ziprasidone,

 

Second-Generation antipsychotics

[Combination Therapy, (한 가지 병에 두 가지 이상의 약을 쓰는) 병용 요법]

- Olanzapine plus fluoxetine,