잘못 사용되는 영어 단어들, Misused English words, Incorrectly Used Words, 66 P,
화일첨부 ; 8월 15일 수정 ; 67P , 사진 있슴,
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추가 된 단어들
* Community, Society difference 차이,
한인사회는 Korean community 인가 Korean society 인가?
Community 는 공통된 이해관계, 목표, 인식(지각), 견해 가 비슷한 사람들이 사는 공동체,
Society 는 이해관계, 목표, 인식(지각), 견해가 같지 않은 사람들이 모여사는 공동체,
Community = Common interests, goals, perceptions, opinions are necessary among people living in a community.
community is a collection of people with similar interests who essentially live in one geographic location in a society.
The concept of society prevails only among humans.
Society = society is built on interactions with different people.
Common interests, goals, perceptions, opinions are not necessary among people living in a society.
The concept of society prevails among humans as well as animals.
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* Neighbor, Neighborhood, Neighbor ; 이웃, 사람, person Neighborhood ; (걸어다닐수 있는 거리) 이웃 ( 장소, place )
What is difference between a neighbor and a neighborhood? Neighbor refers to a person while Neighborhood refers to a place. a neighbor is a person who lives near to you, whereas a neighborhood is the area around where you live, within walking distance.
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올린건 너무 길어서 notepad 로 올림,
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* Adhesive(화학적, 접착제 모두), Glue(식물, 동물), Glue is an adhesive, but not all adhesives are glues.
Glues are derived from natural sources (plant and animal byproducts), while Adhesives are synthetic. anything used to adhere (stick) things together, But in everyday usage, the words are practically synonymous. Manufacturers use them interchangeably, and so do we, --------------- * Adolescent, juvenile, Adolescent = 사춘기 후, can be used for young children and teens. Teenager is for ages 13-19. Juvenile = 사춘기 쯤 때, juvenile is young; not fully developed, juvenile is a prepubescent(사춘기의) child, -------------- * Advantage, Merit, Advantage = 1.(누구에게) 유리한 점, 이점, 장점 (↔disadvantage) 2.(무엇의) 이점, 장점 (↔disadvantage) 3. 격식 (~에게) 유리하게 하다. advantage is something that works in someone's favor: "He had the advantage of being rich."
Merit = 1.격식 가치, 훌륭함 (=worth) 2.가치 있는[훌륭한] 요소, 장점 (=strength) 3.격식 (칭찬관심 등을) 받을 만하다[자격/가치가 있다] (=deserve) Merit is what something is worth: "This movie is so bad it doesn't merit a second viewing" or "He was hired on his own merits". ---------- * Adverse, Averse, Adverse = 부정적인, 불리한, 해가되는, Adverse means harmful or unfavorable: "Adverse market conditions caused the IPO to be poorly subscribed."
Averse = ~을 싫어[반대]하는 감정, 느낌, Averse to describe a person’s feelings of distaste or dislike for something, Averse refers to feelings of dislike or opposition, --------------- * Advice, Advise Advice = 조언, 충고 Advise = 조언하다, 충고하다, 권고하다, --------------- * Affect, Influence, Effect, Affect = 영향, 결과, 1.영향을 미치다, 2.(사람이나 신체 부위에) 발생하다[침범하다], 병이 나게 하다, Effect = 영향, 결과, 효과, Verbs first. Affect means to influence: "Impatient investors affected our roll-out date." Effect means to accomplish something: "The board effected a sweeping policy change."
Influence = (사람의 행동사고에) 영향을 미침, Influence has two main connotations[함축된 의미] that affect doesn't. The first is that of relation to process rather than state, so that something might affect a rock but rarely would circumstances arise where we could speak of that rock being influenced. The second, and weaker, connotation is of emotive response being involved; this is probably the connotation that makes it feel less appropriate to use in reference to a bike's performance. (We do speak of mechanistic processes being influenced, though, especially complex ones.)
How you use effect or affect can be tricky. For example, a board can affect changes by influencing them and can effect changes by directly implementing them. Bottom line, use effect if you're making it happen, and affect if you're having an impact on something that someone else is trying to make happen. ----------------- * Aggressive, Enthusiastic, Aggressive = 공격적인, Enthusiastic = 열열한, 열광적인, Aggressive is a very popular business adjective: aggressive sales force, aggressive revenue projections, aggressive product rollout. But unfortunately, aggressive means ready to attack, or pursuing aims forcefully, possibly unduly so.
So do you really want an "aggressive" sales force? Of course, most people have seen aggressive used that way for so long they don't think of it negatively; to them it just means hard-charging, results-oriented, driven, etc., none of which are bad things.
But some people may not see it that way. So consider using words like enthusiastic, eager, committed, dedicated, or even (although it pains me to say it) passionate. ------------ * agony, anguish, Torment 번뇌 고민, Agony = [정신 육체 모두 사용하나] 주로 육체적 번뇌 Agony is extreme mental or physical suffering, it used in the sense of extreme physical suffering,
Anguish = [정신 육체 모두 사용하나] 주로 정신적 번뇌 Anguish is defined as severe mental or physical suffering, it used mostly in the sense of mental suffering,
Torment 1. (특히 정신적인) 고통, 고뇌; 고통을 안겨 주는 사람[것], 고민거리 2. 고통을 안겨 주다, 괴롭히다, torment is (obsolete) a catapult[1. 英 (Y자 모양의) 새총 2. 투석기(무거운 돌을 날려 보내던 옛날 무기) 3. (갑자기) 내던지다(내던져지다) ] or other kind of war-engine while agony is violent contest or striving. -------- * Alternator, Generator, Alternator 는 AC 교류전기를 만들고, Generator 는 DC 직류전기를 만들어낸다. 자동차는 12V DC 직류인데 왜 교류발전기 Alternator 를 사용하는가? Generator 는 DC 를 만드나 무겁고 부피가 크다. 그래서 작고 가벼운 Alternator 로 교류를 만들어 직류로 바꾼다.
Alternator = AC 교류발전기, alternator is a device that converts mechanical energy into AC electrical energy. An alternator always induces an alternating current. Generator = DC 직류발전기, generator is a mechanical device which converts mechanical energy to either AC or DC electrical energy. generator can generate either [AC]alternating or [DC]direct current. -------- * Anchor, Announcer, Commentator, Anchor, Announcer 는 의미가 거의 비슷하나, 분석하면 다르다. 따라서 라디오 티비에 진행자는 아나운서라고 해도 되지만, Anchorman, anchorwoman 이 맞는 말,
They are really close to having the same meaning. Anchor = (라디오, 텔레비전 프로그램) 방송 진행자, is usually reporting something, and usually on TV, like a news reporter.
Announcer = 운동경기같은 행사 중에 방송 진행자, is for sports games, commercials, or someone you only hear during an event.
Commentator = [현재 행사 사건에대해 돈을 받고 ] 티비, 신문, 방송의 해설자 , the ones who give the detailed analysis of the situation in hand: during the ongoing match[진행중인 경기]. Commentator is a person who comments; especially someone who is paid to give his/her opinions in the media about current affairs,
in hand; 1.(시간,돈이) 수중에[쓸 수] 있는, 2.(특정한 상황을) 장악[지배]하고 있는, 3.현재 다루고[하고] 있는(일,문제 등) ------------ * angry, mad, upset, angry = 화가난, 성난, contains the strong feelings of hostility and displeasure, mad = 미친, 정신 이상인, mentally ill or insane. upset = 화난, 기분나쁜/ 실망, 걱정, 속상하게 만들다[하다] (=distress) contains the emotions of disappointment, worry, unhappiness, sadness. ---------- * Announce, Declare, Proclaim, Announce = 1.발표하다, 알리다 2.(공공장소에서) 방송으로 알리다 3.(큰 소리로 진지하게) 선언[단언]하다, To give public notice, especially for the first time; to make known,
Declare = 1.선언[선포/공표]하다 2.언명하다, 분명히 말하다. Declaration may involve only the speaker and one listener:
Proclaim = 1.선언[선포]하다 (=declare) 2.분명히 보여주다, …의 표시[징후]이다. proclaim is the “more formal” Proclaiming is always done in public, in a loud, noticeable way, --------- * annuity, pension 연금, Annuity = annuity is an insurance product you get by signing a contract with an insurance company. You purchase the contract for a certain amount of money, which you will fund through either one lump-sum or periodic payments. Annuity refers to the contract for receiving the regular payments after a certain period of time from an insurance company as per the agreement/contract entered,
Pension = pension is a type of retirement account that some companies offer their employees. Pension is fixed benefit received on monthly basis on retirement where an employee has contributed to pension fund maintained by employer during his term of employment. -------- * arise, rise, stand, Arise = [낮은위치에서 높은위치로] 생기다, 발생하다 (=occur), to come up from a lower to a higher position. Rise [court 법원에서, 일어서라] = to move, or appear to move, physically upwards relative to the ground. to move upwards. to grow upward, Stand = 앉거나 누어있는 위치에서 일어서다. to rise from a lying or sitting position. -------- * Assume, Presume, Assume and presume both mean to believe something before it happens, but when you assume you're not really sure. If someone bangs on your door in the middle of the night, you might assume (and hope!) it's your crazy neighbor.
If your neighbor knocks on your door every night at 6:30, at 6:29 you can presume she's coming over in a minute.
Assume = (증거도 없이, 사실일 것으로) 추정[상정]하다. To assume is to suppose or believe something without any proof. It also means to take over, usually responsibilities and duties, such as with a job, or to take on a look or attitude:
Presume = 1. (실질적인 증거는 없지만 사실일 것이라고) 추정하다[여기다/생각하다] (=assume) 2. (특히 법정에서 반대되는 증거가 나올 때까지는 무엇을 사실로) 간주하다. 3. 격식 (무엇을 사실로 보고 그것을 기반으로) 상정하다. Presumption ; 추정, 간주, Presume is from the Latin pre "before" and sumere "to take," like taking something for granted. It means to be sure of something before it happened. When you presume, you suppose something without proof, based on probability: ------------ * Assure, Ensure, Insure, Assure = 장담하다, 확언[확약]하다. Ensure = 반드시 …하게[이게] 하다, 보장하다. Insure = 보험에 들다[가입하다]. 보험을 팔다. Assure means to tell someone that something will definitely happen or is definitely true: Posey assured Chester that no one would cheat at Bingo. Ensure means to guarantee or make sure of something: Posey took steps to ensure that no one cheated at Bingo. Insure means to take out an insurance policy: Posey was glad the Bingo hall was insured against damage caused by rowdy Bingo players. --------------- * Arthritis, Rheumatism 관절염, 류머티즘은 의학적으로는 사용 안하는 옛 용어, Arthritis, [Rheumatism 사용 안함] = 뼈, 관절, 근육 따위가 단단하게 굳거나 아프며 운동하기가 곤란한 증상을 보이는 병을 통틀어 이르는 말,
Rheumatism = Medical professionals no longer use the word, an old-fashioned word, Arthritis means several diseases that affect the joints, such as osteoarthritis(OA), rheumatoid arthritis(RA), gout[ (팔, 다리 관절에 생기는) 통풍], and ankylosing spondylitis. ------------- * 가정 假定; assume, suppose, hypothesize[hypothesis], presume, presuppose[presupposition], speculate, 추측 推測; suppose, guess, speculate, assume, presuppose[presumption], conjecture, (formal) surmise, guess, suppose, speculate, assume, presume, (formal) conjecture, (formal) surmise
Assume = (사실일 것으로) 추정[상정]하다, Assume, presume both mean "to take something as true," "assumption" suggests there is little evidence supporting your guess. assumption is an idea or theory that is usually made without proof. "presume" implies more confidence or evidence backed reasoning.
Suppose, Supposition = 1.(이미 알고 있는 지식에 의거하여 …일 것이라고) 생각하다, 추정[추측]하다 2.(무엇이 사실이라고) 가정[상정]하다, 가령[만약] …이라고 하다 3.…인 것 같다[듯하다](진술?요청?제안 등을 완곡하게 들리도록 하기 위해 씀 Supposition has connotation that the idea or theory is testable and provable.
Presume = 1.(실질적인 증거는 없지만 사실일 것이라고) 추정하다[여기다/생각하다] (=assume) 2.(특히 법정에서 반대되는 증거가 나올 때까지는 무엇을 사실로) 간주하다 3.격식 (무엇을 사실로 보고 그것을 기반으로) 상정하다 the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true, assumption made beforehand; preliminary conjecture or speculation.
Hypothesis (과학적 원리에 기준한 이론 등의 ) 가설 = is an explanation for an observed phenomenon based on established scientific principles(과학적 원칙 원리), Speculation 추정, 추측 어림, 짐작 = is just that, a 'guess' that might be applicable to an observed phenomenon. ---------------- * Avoid, Shun, Avoid = 피하다, 안만나다, avoid is to keep away from; to keep clear of; to endeavor[노력하다, 애쓰다] not to meet; to shun; to abstain[자제하다, 삼가다] from; as, to avoid the company of gamesters[도박, 노름]
Shun = [끈질기게, 고집스럽게] 피하다, to avoid, especially persistently[끈질기게, 고집스럽게], --------- * Award, Reward, Award = 1. (부상이 딸린) 상 (→Academy Award), 2. (보수) 인상분 3. 수여하다, 수여[지급] 판정을 내리다, Reward = 1. 보상, 2. 현상금, 보상금, 사례금, An award is a prize. Musicians win Grammy Awards. Car companies win J.D. Power awards. Employees win Employee of the Month awards. Think of an award as the result of a contest or competition.
Reward = something given in return for effort, achievement, hard work, merit, etc. A sales commission is a reward. A bonus is a reward. A free trip for landing the highest number of new customers is a reward.
Be happy when your employees win industry or civic awards, and reward them for the hard work and sacrifices they make to help your business grow.
Awl, Owl, Awl 얼, 어ㄹ = (구두 직공 등의) 송곳, Owl 아울 아~월, = 올뻬미, 부엉이, ======== BBB * Back, Rear, Back = 뒤, 뒷쪽, 사람인 경우 어께에서 궁둥이까지 뒷면/ Rear = 뒤면의 맨 아래나 맨끝, 궁둥이 밑에 똥구멍은 back 의 Rear, 또는 뒷마당의 맨 뒤쪽[rear in back yard],
back = ‘back' refers to the area from the shoulders to the waist, along the spine. However, your 'rear' or 'behind' specifically refers to your 'bottom'. "Back" means the rear end of something, but when referring to a person it does not mean the person's butt. It means the back side of their upper body. "Back"is also a directional. You may be asked to "move back" and this means step or move backwards,
Rear = "Rear" can mean the back end of anything, including a person. Specifically someone's butt. ---------- * Ban, Forbid, Prohibit, Ban = 물건, 물질에대한 영구 금지 ; [예] 음식에 납, 비소 사용 금지, ban is usually used when describing things/items that are no longer allowed such as, gun ban, or, ban on alcohol.
Forbid = 법으로 아닌, 단체 회사, 개인에의한 금지, [이 상점 앞에 주차금지], not by the law, [forbid] is used for rule of authority of [boss]person, religion or company. Exam; no parking in front of this store. Pork is forbidden in Islam church.
Prohibit = [주로 법에의한] 행위에대한 금지, [법원에서 담배피면 (행위) 법으로 안됨] prohibit is usually this word prohibited by law, used when talking about actions like, “smoking is prohibited here,” “next week, entering this federal building is prohibited by law. --------- * Banner, Placard 광고, Banner = 현수막, - a flag or standard used by a military commander, monarch or nation. - Any large sign, especially if constructed of soft material or fabric. The mayor hung a banner across Main Street to commemorate the town's 100th anniversary. - A large piece of silk or other cloth, with a device or motto, extended on a crosspiece, and borne in a procession, or suspended in some conspicuous place. banner is more akin to a flag used to advertise something (e.g. promoting a business)
Placard = 벽보, 두루마리 종이나, 딱딱한 판지 板紙 cardboard에 글을 쓴것, - a sheet of paper or cardboard with a written or printed announcement on one side for display in a public place. - (obsolete) a public proclamation; a manifesto or edict issued by authority. ---------- * (be) based on, (be) grounded in/on something, (be) based on vs (be) grounded in, difference, ~에 근거를 둔, ~을 바탕으로하다, ~기반으로하다, 나는 추천 “(be) based on” ---------- * Beans, Legumes Beans are the seed from different varieties of plants, although typically the whole plant is referred to as beans. In other words: all beans are legumes, but legumes aren't necessarily beans. Legumes are plants that bear fruit that grows in pods. ---------- * Between, Among, amid Between = (위치, 시간) 사이[중간]에, Among = 1. …에 둘러싸인, …의 가운데에 2. …중[사이]에 3. (셋 이상이 관련된 분배, 선택 시) …간에, …중에서, Use between when you name separate and individual items. Take "The team will decide between Mary, Marcia, and Steve when we fill the open customer service position." Mary, Marcia, and Steve are separate and distinct, so between is correct.
Use among when there are three or more items but they are not named separately. Like, "The team will decide among a number of candidates when we fill the open customer service position." Who are the candidates? You haven't named them separately, so among is correct.
And we're assuming there are more than two candidates; otherwise you'd say between. If there are two candidates you could say, "I just can't decide between them."
Amid = ,,의 도중에, ,,,으로 에워싸인, in the middle of; surrounded by; among: -------------- * believe, believe in, Believe = 사람, 물건 등 존재하는것을 믿는것, 1.(무엇이나 누구의 말이 진실임을) 믿다 2.(무엇이 사실일 것으로, 가능하다고) 생각하다[여기다] 3. …라는 의견을 갖다, …라고 믿다. Believe means to accept that something or someone’s words are true. You can believe a person, or something that a person said : - I believe her. She is always honest. - Do you believe her story? It sounds fishy to me.
believe in = 존재하지 않거나 추상적인것을 믿는것, 마귀, 신, 신뢰, 개인이 아닌 개인적 사생활, [추상적]철학, 정치성, 정치적 본질, if you put "in" after "believe" , it means that you believe something not exist in the world. - Do you believe in ghosts? - Many people in the world believe in God. believe in something (like God or luck) is to accept it as true with no means of proof. Believe in applies not just to belief in God, but to confidence in a person, or belief of a philosophical or political nature. ------------ * Big, Large, Big = 물리적 크기, 진지하거나 중요한 can refer to the physical size of an object, but it also means that something is serious or important, a big city, But not with uncountable nouns! a Instead of saying ‘big traffic,’ say ‘a lot of traffic.’
Ex) Big company 대기업으로 규모가 큰 회사, Ex) Large company 직원이 많은 회사,
Large = 물리적 크기, 셀수있는것, only refers to the physical size. They can only be used with countable nouns : 옷 바지 크기는 large, 셀수 있으니,
Big family ; important family, Large family ; family with many members,
Big event ; important event, Large event ; event with many people involved, ------- Beside, besides Beside = "next to", You can sit down beside me if you want. besides = "in addition (to)", "also", "moreover" ------- * Breathing, Respiration, Breathing = Breathing is the physical process where you inhale and exhale air in and out of your lungs. Respiration = is a chemical reaction where Oxygen is used to breakdown Glucose in order to generate energy which is then used by the cell to function. --------- * Bring, Take, Bring = Take = Both have to do with objects you move or carry. The difference is in the point of reference: You bring things here and you take them there. You ask people to bring something to you, and you ask people to take something to someone or somewhere else.
"Can you bring an appetizer to John's party"? Nope. Compliment and complement,
Compliment means to say something nice. Complement means added to, enhanced, improved, completed, or brought close to perfection.
I can compliment your staff and their service, but if you have no current openings you have a full complement of staff. Or your new app may complement your website.
For which I may decide to compliment you. ----------- * Bug, Insect, pest, Worm,
Bug = 반시류 빨대곤충, bugs have a stylet (빨대, 바늘 침, mouth shaped like a straw) that they use to suck juices from plants.
insect 곤충 = 곤충은 절지동물 [arthropod]로서, 몸이 머리[head], 가슴[도랙스 thorax], 배[abdomen]로 나뉘고, 다리가 [양쪽으로 즉 쌍으로 3개씩] 6개, 날개가 2쌍[4개]인 동물. any animal of the class Insecta[곤충류, 곤충강], comprising small, air-breathing arthropods[절지동물] having the body divided into three parts [head, thorax(흉부, 가슴), abdomen], and having three pairs of legs and usually two pairs of wings.
Pest 해충 = [사람, 농작물, 음식, 가축에 해를 끼치는 곤충과 동물]. a destructive insect or other animal that attacks [human?] crops, food, livestock, etc.
Worm 벌레 = [주로 땅속에 사는] 기어다니고, 다리가 없고, 가늘고, 긴, invertebrates 무척추, 연조직 soft-bodied 동물. [Zoology] any of small creeping animals, numerous long, slender, soft-bodied, legless, bilaterally[양 방향으로, 쌍무적으로] symmetrical invertebrates[무척추동물(無脊椎動物)], including the flatworms, roundworms, acanthocephalans[기생충을 통틀어, 구두충(鉤頭蟲)], nemerteans[끈벌레], gordiaceans[선형충 및 유선충(游線蟲)의 총칭], and annelids[환형(環形)동물]. ---------- * Burglary, petty Theft, Larceny, Robbery, Shoplifting[들치기, 상점 가게 물건을 훔침]
Burglary = 빈집털이 도둑, 빈집에 무단침입 들어가 물건을 훔치는것, Burglary requires the person to enter into the building without consent. The unauthorized entry[무단침입] into a structure without smashing glass, bypassing locks, and breaching by making holes in the walls, or other forceful means.
Theft = 무력 사용안하는 도둑질, 훔침 Theft means taking someone's property but does not involve the use of force. an act that involves the taking of property in the immediate presence of another person. A crime is classified as theft such as taking an item laid upon the ground or bench without force or fear. If the item is within a closed structure, the theft would be classified as a burglary.
Larceny = 사람몸에서 물건을 훔침 ; an act that involves the taking of property in the immediate presence of another person usually when physically on the body of a person without the suspect using force or fear. Examples of larceny often include a pickpocket, cell phone snatch from the hands of the victim, chain grab. Grand larceny is usually classified when property is taken off the body of another regardless of the value of the property.
Robbery = 강도, 폭력이나 협박을 이용한 도둑, When a person commits Robbery, he or she will steal something that belongs to another person similarly to larceny, but he or she will often use force, some form of threat, intimidation or a deadly weapon.
Shoplifting = [들치기, 상점 가게 물건을 훔침] using a bag, drop pocket, or backpack may classify a theft as a commercial burglary. ----------- * Bush, Shrub, - Bush = 관목, 덤불 (→tree) bush has stems and leaves that are almost touching the ground. - Shrub = 덤불이나 높이가 약간 크고 굵은 덤불, 일반 나무보다는 작다. can be taller than a bush, but not as tall as a tree and have thicker foliage[나뭇잎 (한 나무의 나뭇잎이나, 나뭇잎과 줄기를 총칭)] than a bush. Shrub can be groomed, pruned, and shaped while a bush is usually left to grow wild. ---------- * buy, purchase, Buying = is considered a general term, which is most commonly used to refer to everyday goods and commodities, Purchase = is considered to be a more formal word than buy. Purchasing is often used to refer to contracts and big products, whereas buying is inferred for small products. ------------ CCC
* Cake, Pie, Cake = cake is a bread-like food made from a dough or batter that is usually fried or baked in small flat shapes and is often,
Pie = 밀가루와 버터를 개어 주로 과일, 호박, 사과, 등을 가운데 넣고 구워서 만드는 서양과자. 애플파이, 호두파이, pumpkin파이 따위가 있다. defined as a dessert consisting of a filling (as of fruit or custard) in a pastry shell or topped with pastry or both, ------ * Caption, Subtitle, Captions = TV 나 영화에서 말하는것 이외에, 환호와 박수 Cheering Applause, 청중의 소리까지 번역한것, 드론을 띠웠을때는 말이 없으나 지상의 여러 상황을 문자로 추가 하는건 Caption 이다.
Subtitles = 언어에 능숙하지 못한 사람들을 위해 주로 다른 언어로 번역한것, 한국 영화에서 한국어로 말 하는것을 영어로 번역한건 Subtitle 이다.
Captions include ambient noises and music cues in addition to dialogue, Subtitles are dialogue translated into another language. Subtitles are often available as an option within streaming television for non-English speakers. Captions are a transcription of dialogue, text version of the spoken part of a television, movie, or computer presentation. They are in the language of the medium rather than a translation to another language. Captions can either be open or closed. Closed captions can be turned on or off with the click of a button. Open captions are different from closed captions in that they are part of the video itself and cannot be turned off.
Subtitles are translations for people who don’t speak the language of the medium[대중 전달 매체(수단)의 언어]. These accompany foreign films for example. Subtitles assume an audience can hear the audio, but need the dialogue provided in text form as well. Meanwhile, Subtitles would be a form of translating video footage for audiences of another language. The original audio is preserved, but viewers can understand the dialogue and still hear the soundtrack as it was intended. ------------- * Case, Holster, - Case = actual event, situation, or fact or case can be a box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture, - Holster = case for carrying a tool, particularly a gun, safely and accessibly. As verbs the difference between case and holster is that case is (obsolete) to propose hypothetical cases or case can be to place (an item or items of manufacture) into a box, as in preparation for shipment while holster is to put something in a holster. ------- * Cemetery, Grave, Graveyard, Tomb, 묘지 墓地 는 무덤[묘 墓] 근처를 둘러싸고 있는 땅,
Cemetery = (특히 교회와 무관한, 교회 근처에 있지 않은) 묘지, 무덤이 많은 지역, Cemeteries refer to large burial grounds that are not affiliated with a church.
Grave 묘 무덤 = is where the deceased are buried. An area with a lot of graves is called a cemetery.
Graveyard = (교회재산 안에있는) 묘지, A graveyard, on the other hand, refers to a burial ground that is located on a church's property. Graveyards, on the whole, tend to be much smaller than cemeteries.
Tomb = 사회 신분이 높은 사람이 오래전에 죽은 무덤, are normally associated with people who have a high status[높은 신분] and lived a long time ago, Tombs are very large and for very important people (VIPs) basically. ------------- * Chance, Opportunity, Possibility difference,
Chance ; 준비하지 않고도 예고없이 가능성있는 기회, (불행 또는 행운의 기회), often involves more luck than preparation.
Opportunity (직업 등) 준비하고 주위 환경에따라 얻을수있는 기회, Opportunity however is something you get as a result of a situation which you may or may not have had anything to do with. Opportunity is like a gift you can choose to open or not.
In brief, - Chance is something that unpredictably falls upon you, - Opportunity implies that there are good odds-[(어떤 일이 있을) 공산 (가능성)] for something. - Possibility is something which is possible to be done or acquired in the future, --------------- * Chivalrous, Cavalry, Chivalrous;; 의협심이 강한, (of a man) honourable, 의적, Chivalrous robber[thief]
Cavalry;; horsemen armed for battle. 1. (특히 여자에 대한 남자의) 정중함[예의 바름], 2. (중세의) 기사도 정신, -------- * Cigarette, Tobacco difference, - Cigarettes in general only contain less than one gram of tobacco, - tobacco products, especially the larger ones, contain up to seventeen grams of tobacco. Hence, it can be said that a single tobacco product may be equivalent to a pack or two of cigarettes. ------- * clutch, crotch, crutch, crouch, crunch, clutch = 1. (꽉) 움켜잡다 (=grip) 2. (두려움이나 통증으로) 와락 움켜잡다 3. (자동차의) 클러치판, crotch = ( crutch ) 1. 가랑이, 사타구니, 2. (바지의) 가랑이[사타구니] 부분 crouch = 1. (몸을) 쭈그리다, 쭈그리고 앉다 (=squat) 2. 쭈그리고 앉기, crunch = 1. 으드득[뽀드득 등](단단한 것이 으스러질 때 나는 소리) 2. 비격식 (흔히 불쾌한) 중대 상황[정보] 3. (시끄럽게) 아작아작[오도독] 씹다, crutch = 1. 목발 2. 지나치게 의지하게 되는 사람[것], ----------- * comment, opinion, remark, comment = 1.논평, 언급, 2.(잘못의) 지적[비판], comment basically refers to any statement made about a person, event or thing, comments can also be facts, they are more commonly opinion based statements. A comment is considered as an observation or a statement that expresses a fact or an opinion on a matter. A comment can also be a written statement regarding specific matter. For example, after reading a book, the reader may be asked to provide a comment. The reader states, “The book was exciting in the beginning, but did not grasp my attention towards the end.” This would be considered as a comment based on the opinion of the reader. Another example would be a person walking down on the street sees a blue flower. He pauses and tells his friend to see the blue flower. This would be considered as a comment based on a fact. Comments can also be considered as an explanation regarding an already written text or an object. For example, in computer programming, comments are added to the source code as an explanatory for that code. Comments are commonly used to refer to opinions or statements made regarding a certain subject.
Dictionary defines ‘comment’ as: - A remark, observation, or criticism - Gossip; talk - A criticism or interpretation, often by implication or suggestion - A note in explanation, expansion, or criticism of a passage in a book, article, or the like; annotation. - Explanatory or critical matter added to a text.
Opinion = 주관적, [지지, 찬성, 동조하는 쪽으로서] (개인, 집단의) 의견[견해/생각] (=view) is a belief that a person has formed about a topic or issue. Opinions are subjective beliefs[주관적 신뢰들] of either one person or a group of people and these need not be true. Opinions are the result of emotion or interpretation of facts. An opinion can be supported by an argument, which can create two opposing opinions from the same set of facts. Opinions can be a result of a person's perspective, understanding, particular feelings, beliefs, and desires. These are various types of opinions: Public/consumer opinion, scientific opinion, legal opinion, judicial opinion and editorial opinion.
Remark = (말이나 글로 의견생각 등을 표하는) 발언[말/논평/언급] a written or spoken comment. act of pointing out or attentively [배려하는, 신경을 쓰는] noticing; notice or observation or remark can be a mark that replaces another mark, ----------- * Community, Society
Community = Common interests, goals, perceptions, opinions are necessary among people living in a community. community is a collection of people with similar interests who essentially live in one geographic location in a society. The concept of society prevails only among humans.
Society = society is built on interactions with different people. Common interests, goals, perceptions, opinions are not necessary among people living in a society. The concept of society prevails among humans as well as animals. --------------- * complacency = easygoing passive attitude 무사안일주의, 안일무사주의 ----------- * 불만신고, 불평, 항의 , Complaint, Grievance, Complaint = allegation[협의, 주장], oral, unwritten, written, can be more informal ? it refers to any accusation, allegation, or charge (oral or written). Grievance = 종업원, 고용인, 환자가 부당한 취급에 대해, 서류로, workplace, grievance refers to a formal complaint raised by a patient, an employee to an employer in written form, --------- Concept, Conception, a concept =개념, is an idea, a way of thinking, or something like a product in development that is "just a concept". Conception = 1.(계획 등의) 구상/ 2.이해, 신념/ 3.(난소의) 수정 (→conceive), is the act of conceiving things (the related verb) and can also refer to the impregnation of a woman. So you could, theoretically, study the concept of conception. ----------- * 양념 condiment(formal), seasoning, spices, condiment(formal) = 요리 된 음식 위에 놓고나 뿌리는것, costco 가면 피자 파는데 벽에 condiment 라고 적어놓았는데, 썰은 양파, 캐챺, 겨자, 사람들이 가져다 먹음, condiment is a food item that is added to food, usually on top of the food or one of its components, after it has been cooked.
Seasoning (음식의) = 요리할때 같이 넣는 양념, seasoning is (cooking) something used to add taste or flavour to food, such as a condiment, herb or spice.
spices = 고추가루, 후추가루, 깨, 가루마늘 등 주로 마른 양념, dried seeds, root, bark or other vegetable matter, used to add flavour and colour to a dish. ---------------- * Continuously, continually, Both words come from the root continue, but they mean very different things. Continuously means never ending. Hopefully your efforts to develop your employees are continuous, because you never want to stop improving their skills and their future.
Continual means whatever you're referring to stops and starts. You might have frequent disagreements with your co-founder, but unless those discussions never end (which is unlikely, even though it might feel otherwise), then those disagreements are continual.
That's why you should focus on continuous improvement but plan to have continual meetings with your accountant: The former should never, ever stop, and the other (mercifully) should. ---------- contract a disease, meaning, 심각한 병이 걸리는건 you contract a disease 라한다. If you contract a disease, you catch it, but only use this if it's something serious. You catch a cold, but contract malaria. Contract also means "shrink." When the economy contracts, consumers stop buying things, and people lose their jobs, and if you freeze water, it contracts too,
Contracted mean in medical terms? 1. To shorten; to become reduced in size; in the case of muscle, either to shorten or to undergo an increase in tension. 2. To acquire by contagion or infection. --------- * Contradictory, Controversial, Contradictory = [앞뒤가 맞지않아]모순되는 (=conflicting) means mutually opposed or inconsistent. Contradict; 반박, 모순, 부정되다,
Controversial = 논란이 많은/ Controversy; 논란 is arousing controversy[논란] - a debate or discussion of opposing opinions. ---------- * Cooking, Culinary, cooking 요리하는 과정, is (informal) in progress, happening, culinary 요리[법]의 실습이나 행위, is relating to the practice of cookery or the activity of cooking,
Difference between culinary and cooking experience; While a one-off (단 한번의) cooking class might teach you how to make a specific dish, culinary school teaches you why the recipe works. One-off (단 한번의) cooking classes can only scratch the surface. Culinary school opens up the world of food science and technique. ----------- criminal, culprit, perpetrator, offender, 범인, 범법자, Criminal = being against the law; forbidden by law. Guilty of breaking the law. Culprit = 1.범인/ 2.(문제를 일으킨) 장본인, person or thing at fault for a problem or crime. Offend ; 1.기분 상하게[불쾌하게] 하다/ 2.불쾌하게 여겨지다/ 3.범죄를 저지르다 Offender = 1.범죄자 (→first offender, sex offender)/ 2.나쁜 짓을 하는 사람[것] one who gives or causes offense. a person who commits an offense against the law, a lawbreaker. [Inoffensive; 남의 마음을 상하게 하지 않을, 싫은 소리를 못하는,] Perpetrator = one who perpetrates; especially, one who commits an offence or crime. ----------- * Criterion단수, Criteria 복수/ 기준[결정, 판단], 규정,
Criterion = singular form, meaning a requirement or rule upon which something is judged, Criteria = plural form, meaning requirements upon which something is judged or rated. ----------- * Guardian, Guardianship, conservatorship, Custodian, Custody, 보호자 후견인 관리인,
Guardian = 1.수호자[守護者 지키고 보호하여 주는 사람] (=custodian) 2.(특히 부모가 사망한 아동의) 후견인, Guardianship = In California, refers only to the court appointment of an individual with the legal authority to represent and manage the affairs of a minor child. Guardian = is responsible for overseeing the child's day-to-day physical and financial well-being. Guardian of the person = is responsible for decisions about care provisions and living arrangements of the ward.
Guardianship = 후견인임, 후견인 위치, involves finding help for people who are not mentally or physically incapable of taking care of themselves.
Conservatorships = are for protecting incapacitated adults and typically involve matters related to health care and estate.
Custodian 보호자, 관리인 = Minor children cannot inherit money or assets outright, so a custodian is named or appointed to manage the assets until the child reaches an appropriate age.
Custody = 1.양육권, 보호[관리]권; 양육, 관리 2.(특히 재판 전의) 유치, 구류 (→youth custody) custody focuses more on the parent-child relationship, a parent's care of a child, whereas legal guardianship is granted to someone who is not the child's biological parent. ----------------- DDD
Deadly, 1.극도로, 지독히/ 2.[부사 =deathly] = may imply an extremely high degree of probability rather than a certainty of death; the term therefore applies to something with the capacity of or a marked potentiality for causing death; a deadly disease is one usually ending fatally; a deadly weapon is one capable of inflicting death; the seven deadly sins in theology are those sins which must be avoided because they are the source of other sins and are destructive of spiritual life and progress.
Fatal 1.[부사] 죽음을 초래하는, 치명적인 (→mortal)/ 2.[형] 치명적인, 돌이킬 수 없는 (사태를 초래하는), = Fatal stresses inevitability and applies to a potential or actual result of death, destruction, or disaster. The term is often used in place of mortal as applied to wounds, blows, or illnesses especially when some time has intervened between the wounding or sickening and the dying. Fatal rather than mortal is used in predictions.
Lethal 1.치명적인(죽음을 초래할 정도의), (=deadly, fatal)/ 2.비격식 치명적인(돌이킬 수 없는 해악을 초래하는) = Lethal applies only to something which by its very nature is bound to cause death or which exists for the purpose of destroying life.
Mortal 1. 영원히 살 수는 없는, 언젠가는 반드시 죽는 (↔immortal)/ 2. 문예체 치명적인, 대단히 심각한 (→fatal)/ 3. 격식 목숨을 건, 필사적인 (=deadly), = implies that death has occurred or is certain to occur; the term therefore is applicable only to that which actually has caused or is about to cause death; a mortal disease is one that ends fatally; a mortal wound is one that caused or will inevitably cause death; a mortal sin (in contrast with a deadly sin) is a grievous sin deliberately committed and actually inflicting spiritual death. Deadly applies to the instrument that deals the wound or blow that proves mortal.
All of these terms except lethal may be used in a lighter sense not implying physical or spiritual death, but something dreaded or greatly feared; a deadly shaft of irony causes complete discomfiture[]; mortal terror always suggests extreme terror, but only occasionally the terror of losing one's life; a fatal error or a fatal slip may imply the destruction of one's plans or hopes rather than of one's life.
* Dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Dementia 는 치매 전체를 말하고, Alzheimer는 dementia 중에 일부이고 주로 65살 이상에 니타나는 노인성 치매,
Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease aren’t the same. Dementia = the name for a group of brain disorders that make it hard to remember, think clearly, make decisions, or even control your emotions. Dementia is an overall term used to describe symptoms that impact memory, performance of daily activities, and communication abilities.
Alzheimer’s disease = one of dementia disorders, Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease of the brain that slowly causes impairment in memory and cognitive function. The exact cause is unknown and no cure is available. the symptoms generally begin after age 65. Alzheimer’s is a degenerative brain disease that is caused by complex brain changes following cell damage. The most common early symptom of Alzheimer’s is trouble remembering new information. ------- * Demonstration, Protest, Rally, Riot Demonstration = 시위, 데모 (→march), an action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause or people partaking in a protest against a cause of concern; it often consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint,
Protest = 데모보다 강한것, 1.항의[반대/이의] (운동); 시위/ 2.(특히 공개적으로) 항의[반대]하다, 이의를 제기하다. a formal objection, especially one by a group. a collective gesture of disapproval: a demonstration. subset of rallies. People coming together to demonstrate against some particular issue. Can be violent or nonviolent.
Rally = 1.(특히 어떤 생각정당을 지지하기 위한 대규모) 집회[대회] (→pep rally) 2.(원조지지를 위해) 결집[단결]하다[시키다]. 3.英 랠리(자동차오토바이 등의 경주) demonstration ; an event where people gather together to protest for or against a given cause. gathering of people for some common purpose. Could be to protest. Could be to support a sports team.
Riot = 폭동, subset of protests. People violently coming together to demonstrate against something [although quickly devolving[devolve 1.Transitive verb <권리,의무,직분을> 양도하다, 맡기다, 지우다 (on, upon) 2.Intransitive verb <재산 등이> 이전되다(pass) (to, on); 귀속하다 (on, upon); 의존하다)] into a general free-for-all devoid of any message, like the L.A. Riots, which started in protest of police brutality but eventually just became an excuse to loot stores]. Violence can be against persons or property. -------------- * designated, appointed, assigned, 지정된 designate = (특정한 자리, 직책에) 지적, 지명하다, Appoint = 임명, 지명하다. Assign = (일, 책임 등을) 맡기다[배정하다/부과하다]
S/he was designated to head the committee. S/he was appointed to head the committee. S/he was assigned to head the committee.
‘designate’ is to mark out and make known; to point out; to name; to indicate; to show; to distinguish by marks or description; to specify; designate the boundaries of a country; to designate the rioters who are to be arrested.
‘appoint’ is (transitive): to fix with power[authority] or firmness; to establish; to mark out. ‘assign’ is to designate or set apart something for some purpose, ------------- * discard, dismiss, Discard = is to throw away, to reject, Dismiss = is to discharge; to end the employment or service of, -------------- * Disease, Illness, Sickness, - Illness = [오래 계속되는 질병 disease + 개인적 아픔 sickness, 모두 포함], 개인의 주관적이기도함, Illness is commonly used to refer to a longer term disorder, such as arthritis or heart disease, or something that lasts longer than a few days, or doesn’t have a definitive end (like getting the cast off a broken leg). Something that needs to be managed such as feelings of pain, discomfort, distress, weakness, fatigue, etc.
- Sickness = 아픈 증상이 나타나는 사회적, 문화적으로 적용, 병가 病暇 는 sick leave, People miss work or cannot function normally in society. Sickness is commonly used to imply an active case of something, frequently accompanied by visible signs or symptoms (fever, vomiting, diarrhea, a rash, etc.)
- Disease = 질병, [(당뇨 고혈압 등) 의사, 병원, 약이 필요], Disease is almost always used for something either contagious or that is perceived to be lifestyle related, like heart disease or diabetes.(Whether it is or not). / Something that needs to be cured. Diseases and ailments that require medical treatment or hospitalization. ------------------ * Discreet, discrete, Discreet = means careful, cautious, showing good judgment: "We made discreet inquiries to determine whether the founder was interested in selling her company."
Discrete = means individual, separate, or distinct: "We analyzed data from a number of discrete market segments to determine overall pricing levels." And if you get confused, remember: You don't use "discretion" to work through sensitive issues; you exercise discretion. -------------- * Disorder, impairment[Disability]-불구, Disorder = 기능을 방해하는 병, 1.엉망, 어수선함 (↔order)/ 2.(많은 사람들에 의한) 난동[무질서] (→order)/ 3.(신체 기능의) 장애[이상]이고 병이다. Disorder is an illness that causes disruption to the functions of a person.
Impairment[Disability] = 불구, 병이 아니고 (신체적,정신적) 기능 장애 [functional restriction]. Disability is an injury that restricts the functions or movements of a person. Disability is the consequence of an impairment caused to a person. It is essentially a medical condition, which doesn't allow a person to function in a normal manner. ------ Types of impairments[Disability] - vision Impairment. - deaf or hard of hearing, Hearing impairments, - mental health conditions. - Cognitive impairments, - Speech impairments, - Mobility impairments, - intellectual disability. - acquired brain injury. - autism spectrum disorder. - physical disability. ------------- * Divide, Split, Fissure, Divide = 타동사 1.(여러 부분들로) 나뉘다; 나누다[가르다], 2.(몫을) 나누다, Jack divided up the rest of the cash. To split or separate (something) into two or more parts.
Split = 금이가고 쪼개지다. 갈라지다. 1.Verb (사람들이 견해 차이로) 분열되다, 의견이 갈리다; 분열시키다, 2.Verb (작은 부분들로) 나뉘다[나누다] (→split up) means a crack or longitudinal fissure,
Fissure = (특히 암석, 지면의) 길게 갈라진 틈, a long, narrow opening or line of breakage made by cracking or splitting, especially in rock or earth. -------- * Double, Dual, Double = double is twice the number, amount, size, etc, Dual = dual is of an item that is one of a pair, the other item in the pair. ------------ * Drug, Medicine, Medication, Drug = 약, 마약 모두 포함, 따라서 영어가 능숙하지 않으면 사용을 안하는게 좋음, Drugs are considered to be such things as stimulants, narcotics, and hallucinogens, and often are used in the medical field to treat or cure disease.
Medicine = 일반 사람들이 치료, 지유하는데 사용하는 단어 Medicine, though used by lay persons to indicate drugs, is actually the art or science of healing. There is holistic medicine[총체적 약], allopathic medicine[역증 요법의, 이종 요법의 약], homeopathic medicine[동종(유사) 요법의 약], etc. Medicine is our term for a drug when that drug is used to cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent a disease.
Medication = 약학계, 의학계에서 사용하는 [비타민 포함] 약을 총칭하는 전문 용어, Medications is the proper term for substances used for medical treatment, esp. pharmaceuticals. People can self-medicate (and they do all the time). They don't self-medicine. Medications includes vitamins and other supplements people take for health reasons. The verb medicate (to treat medicinally) is from 1620s. Health professionals usually refer to these as meds. ---------- EEE * Efficient, Sufficient, Efficient = 능률적인, 유능한, 효율적인, Sufficient = 충분한, -------- * elicit, illicit, elicit = (정보, 반응을 어렵게) 끌어내다, illicit = 불법의, illegal, elicit means to draw out or coax[구슬리다, 달래다]. Think of elicit as the mildest form of extract. If one lucky survey respondent will win a trip to the Bahamas, the prize is designed to elicit responses.
Illicit means illegal or unlawful, and while I suppose you could elicit a response at gunpoint, you probably shouldn't. ---------------- * Empty, Vacant, Hollow, Empty = 비어있는 with no people or things inside, Examp = an empty box / glass, empty hands (= not holding anything), an empty plate (= with no food on it), The theatre was half empty.
사람이 없는 Vacant (of a seat, hotel room, house, etc.) [empty; not being used] Vacant means without occupants. no people in it. Examp = vacant properties, The seat next to him was vacant. Vacant, synonym = unoccupied,
Hollow = 속이 빈, 쑥 들어간, hollow is (of something solid) having an empty space or cavity inside, ------ * Epilepsy, Seizure, Stroke, - Epilepsy 간질 is defined as having chronic seizures, although anyone can have an episode in their lifetime. Symptoms can vary, including temporary confusion, loss of consciousness or awareness, and psychic symptoms, 뇌전증 腦電症; 경련을 일으키고 의식 장애를 일으키는 발작 증상이 되풀이하여 나타나는 병. 유전적인 경우도 있으나 외상(外傷), 뇌종양 따위가 원인이 되어 나타나기도 한다.
- Seizure [뇌의 전기적 활성에의한 ]발작, occurs due to a surge of electrical activity in the brain. Effects of a seizure are usually temporary.
- Stroke 뇌졸중, occurs due to a disruption of blood circulation in the brain. 뇌에 혈액 공급이 제대로 되지 않아 손발의 마비, 언어 장애, 호흡 곤란 따위를 일으키는 증상. ------- * episode, story, anecdote, Episode = 1. (사람의 인생, 소설 등에서 중요하거나 재미있는) 사건[에피소드] (=incident) 2. (라디오,텔레비전 연속 프로의) 1회 방송분, episode in a story;; usually brief unit of action in a dramatic or literary work: such as. a: the part of an ancient Greek tragedy between two choric songs. b: developed situation that is integral to but separable from a continuous narrative : incident. c: one of a series of loosely connected stories or scenes
Story = 1.이야기(tale), 동화(fairy tale)/ 2.소설, [특히] 단편 소설 (=fiction), Anecdote [æn?kdo?t] = 1.일화/ 2.개인적인 진술, ------- * Evidence, Proof, Evidence 누군가 실재이거나 진실이라고 믿게 끌어드리는 정보 = is information that might lead one to believe something to be real or true. Evidence 는 [proof 보다 약함] is tentative[잠정적인, 머뭇거리는],
Proof 는 마지막이고 결정적 is final and conclusive. Proof 무엇인가 실재이거나 진실 true 라고 입증[증거]하는 사실 = is a fact that demonstrates something to be real or true. -------- * Energy, Power, Force, Energy [watt-hours] ; 전체적인 일의 량, 작업의 량 [정력, 기운, 활기], 물질을 다른 물질로 바꾸고 이동하는 기운, 힘, 정기, the total amount of work done, Energy is what makes change happen and can be transferred form one object to another. Energy can also be transformed from one form to another.
Power [watt] [사물, 사람을 통제할수있는] 힘, 권력, 정권 ; the amount of energy consumed during an action over the body. Power is the rate at which energy is transferred,
Force [두]물체, 단체에 상호작용하는 물리적 힘 ; an action on a body or interaction of two bodies. ------- * Every day, Everyday, Every day = 1.매일, 2.날마다, 3.하루하루, each day [a phrase 구(句): the green car, on Friday morning처럼 동사 외의 낱말들 두 개 이상으로 이뤄진 문장 성분)]
Everyday = 형용사 adjective “ordinary” “typical.” 1.매일의 2.평일의 3.나날의(daily) 4.평소의 5.일상의, ------------ * Evoke, Invoke, Evoke = (감정,기억,이미지를) 떠올려 주다[환기시키다] Invoke = (법, 규칙 등을) 들먹이다[적용하다] 2. (근거, 이유로 인물, 이론, 예 등을) 들다[언급하다] 3. (사람들에게 어떤 감정, 행동을 촉발하기 위해 누구의 이름을) 부르다[들먹이다] 기복신앙 Faith to invoke[들먹이다, 불러들이다] blessing / faith praying for blessings or good luck[fortune],
to evoke is to call to mind; an unusual smell might evoke a long-lost memory. to invoke is to call upon something: help, aid, or maybe a higher power.
So hopefully all your branding and messaging efforts evoke specific emotions in potential customers. But if they don't, you might consider invoking the gods of commerce to aid you in your quest for profitability. Or something like that. ---------- * Exercise, Workout, Exercise = means any physical activity done for health reasons, Exercise is a more general term for physical activity,
Workout = a session[(특정한 활동을 위한) 시간[기간]] of exercise or practice to improve fitness, as for athletic competition. More about strength training like lifting weights. Generally in a gym, which follow a precise pattern. --------- FFF * Fake, False, Fake = fraudulent. not genuine, not real; false/ [verb] to cheat; to swindle; to steal; to rob. False = is untrue, not factual, factually incorrect, not real, ------- * Farther, Further, Farther = 1. Adverb (공간시간상으로) 더 멀리 2. Adjective (공간시간상으로) 더 먼 Further = 1. Adverb 특히 英 (거리상으로) 더 멀리에[로] (=farther) 2. Adverb (과거로) 더 거슬러 올라가, (미래로) 더 나아가 3. Adjective 더 이상의, 추가의
Farther involves a physical distance: "Florida is farther from New York than Tennessee." Further involves a figurative distance: "We can take our business plan no further."
So, as we say in the South (and that "we" has included me), "I don't trust you any farther than I can throw you," or "I ain't gonna trust you no further." Fewer and less,
Use fewer when referring to items you can count, like "fewer hours" or "fewer dollars." Use "less" when referring to items you can't (or haven't tried to) count, like "less time" or "less money." ------- * Fault, Flaw, defect, Fault = is when someone who has done something wrong, Taking the blame, Flaw = is often an error in a material, flaw is what is wrong with something, flaw can be a sudden burst or gust of wind of short duration. flaw is a crack or breach, a gap or fissure[(특히 암석, 지면의) 길게 갈라진 틈], defect of continuity or cohesion[화합, 결합 (=unity), 응집력],
"Defect" is a flaw in anything but often a material. Defect is a fault or malfunction,
Faultless, Flawless, - Faultless, faultless imply that there has been lack of human error. - Flawless does NOT imply any human involvement in attaining such a state of perfection,
I really doubt anyone would seek to draw such a fine distinction unless asked in such circumstances as this! When you watch an ice skater or gymnast perform we make comments such as “That was a flawless (or faultless) performance” However”flawless” somehow feels better than simply faultless. --------- * Find, Search, Find = 1. Verb (우연히) 찾다[발견하다] 2. Verb (잃어버려서 찾고 있던 것을) 찾다[되찾다] 3. Noun (흥미롭거나 가치 있는) 발견물,
Search = 1. Noun 찾기, 수색, 2. Noun 컴퓨터 검색, 3. Verb 찾아[살펴]보다, 뒤지다, 수색[검색]하다, 예] 인터넽에서 Search [조사해서, 뒤져서], Find it 이것을 [알아내다]찾아내다. ---------- * force (강요하다) vs, enforce (위법, 벌금 지불) 시행하다. 집행하다. force; compel obedience to: you "enforce" by using the rules/laws or threat of punishment for breaking those rules/laws. ------------ * 위조의 Forged, Forgery, Counterfeit, Spurious Forgery = is the crime of producing, making, or adapting objects or documents with the intent to defraud another. When forgery leads to someone being deceived out of money, additional charges may be added. Counterfeit = is making or creating an unauthorized imitation of a genuine article with the intent to defraud./ is false, especially of money; intended to deceive or carry appearance of being genuine, Spurious = is false, not authentic, not genuine,/ means false, not authentic, not genuine. --------- * 곰팡이 Fungus, Fungi, Mildew, Mold, Fungus = 한가지 종 種 의 균류, 곰팡이류, Fungus a group of one species[종種] as Fungi are groups of several species, Fungus is one specimen[견본 표본] [one species] - a mushroom is a fungus, one truffle[송로 松露 : 값비싼 버섯의 일종 ] is a fungus. "Fungus" = is also the uncountable mass-noun. Penicillin is produced from fungus.
Fungi = 여러 종 種 이 모여서된 곰팡이 are groups of several species, Several mushrooms are several fungi.
Mildew = 흰곰팡이, thin whitish coating consisting of minute fungal hyphae, growing on plants or damp organic material such as paper or leather.
Mold = 곰팡이, 사상균 絲狀菌 [실처럼 생긴 곰팡이, 효모, 버섯류 따위의 호기성 미생물을 통틀어 이르는 말]. 습기에 의해 창문에 생기는건 Mold 라한다. 1. a fungus that contains multiple identical nuclei and grows in the form of black or green patches which penetrate beneath the surface of the affected material. mold usually grows on food or inside permanent structures, such as walls and crawl spaces, 2. Mold is a fungus that grows in the form of multicellular filaments[1.(전구 안에 든) 필라멘트 / 2.(특히 전문 용어) 가는 실 같은 것] called hyphae[균사 菌?]. In contrast, fungi that can adopt a single-celled growth habit are called yeasts, The mode of formation and shape of these spores is traditionally used to classify molds. ------- * Fraud, Swindle, Deception, Cheat, Fraud 사기 = a means of obtaining money or property. to get money or property from (another) under false pretenses; cheat; defraud. to get by false pretenses or fraud.
Swindle = to cheat[속이다, 부정행위를하다] or trick[꾀, 속임수] someone in order to get money from them, to use deception, lies or fraudulent[사기를 치는] is defined as to trick someone or to obtain something that is not yours,
Deceit and deception 속임수, 사기, 기만 = can apply to just being dishonest, even in a minor way, such as a child stealing 5 pence and lying about it afterwards, ------ GGG
Garbage = 젖은 음식 폐기물 [찌꺼기], garbage is used for waste from the kitchen; ‘wet’ waste, garbage collector = 가정용 쓰레기를 가져가는 [회사 정부 등]고용자들, a person employed to cart away[수레로 실러가다] household trash and garbage.
Trash [uncountable noun] = 종이처럼 포장되는 마른 재료들, trash is things like paper and packaging; ‘dry’ materials. Rubbish [uncountable noun] = 영국 영어, British English, Waste [uncountable noun] = [폐기물 廢棄物]
Litter = [uncountable noun] 가정용 쓰레기 아닌 깡통, 병, 종이같은 길거리나 공공장소에 놓여있는 것, This is not household waste. Litter is small things such as cans, bottles and paper that people leave lying on the streets and in other public places.
Scavenger = (먹을 것 등을 찾아) 쓰레기 더미를 뒤지는 사람[동물], 죽은 동물을 먹는 동물[조류] [그러나 아래 영어에는 ‘먹을 것’이라고는 안했고 사람들이 버린 것을 줍는 사람이라했다] a bird or an animal that feeds on dead animals that it has not killed itself[스스로 죽지 않은 죽은 동물들]: someone who collects things that people have thrown away or left somewhere, ------------ * God, Deity, they both represent a supreme power. However, sometimes, God = as a term is used to represent the only supreme power, whereas, Deity = can be used to refer to any of the forms/manifestations of this supreme power and thus can be multiple in number, ------------- * Good, Well, Good = Well = Anyone who has children uses good more often than he or she should. Since kids pretty quickly learn what good means, "You did good, honey" is much more convenient and meaningful than "You did well, honey."
But that doesn't mean good is the correct word choice.
Good is an adjective that describes something; if you did a good job, then you do good work. Well is an adverb that describes how something was done; you can do your job well.
Where it gets tricky is when you describe, say, your health or emotional state. "I don't feel well" is grammatically correct, even though many people (including me) often say, "I don't feel too good." On the other hand, "I don't feel good about how he treated me" is correct; no one says "I don't feel well about how I'm treated."
Confused? If you're praising an employee and referring to the outcome say, "You did a good job." If you're referring to how the employee performed say, "You did incredibly well."
And while you're at it, stop saying good to your kids and use great instead, because no one - especially a kid - ever receives too much praise. -- good well --
HHH
* Harmful, Detrimental, 해로운, Harmful = 해가 될 가능성이 있는, of a kind likely to be damaging; injurious, means (basing on what the NOAD reports) "causing or likely to cause harm"; Harmful should be used for something that effectively (or probably) causes harm,
Detrimental = [확실히 분명히] 해가되는, 담배, 독성물질, Causing damage or harm. means "tending to cause harm", detrimental should be used for something that frequently (or regularly) causes harm, [Exam] Wear a hat to protect your skin from harmful sunlight. Smoking tobacco can be detrimental to your health. ----- * heredity, inheritance, heredity = 유전(적 특징) is the passing of traits to offspring (from its parent or ancestors). The study of heredity in biology is called genetics, which includes the field of epigenetics.
Inheritance = 1.(과거,선대로부터 물려받는) 유산, 유전(되는 것)/ 2.상속받은 재산, 유산; 상속 Inheritance is the practice of passing on property, titles, debts, rights and obligations upon the death of an individual. --------------- * hierarchy, stratum[복수 strata], layer, hierarchy = 1.(특히 사회나 조직 내의) 계급[계층]/ 2.(큰 조직의) 지배층[고위층] a body of authoritative officials organized in nested ranks.
stratum = 1.지리 (암석 등의) 층, 지층, 단층/ 2.(사회) 계층, one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another,
Layer = means an item of clothing worn under or over another, ------ * hole, pore, Hole = 고체에 뚤린 구멍 [빈 자리, 충치, 땅에 파인 구멍, 등] a hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit; an opening in or through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a perforation; a rent; a fissure[(특히 암석, 지면의) 길게 갈라진 틈].
Pore = 껍질에 있는 작은 구멍, [마스크 등] 액체, 기체가 들어갈수있는 작은 구멍들, 1.A tiny opening in the skin. 2.by extension any small opening or interstice, especially one of many or allowing passage of a fluid. -------- * Holocaust, Massacre, Genocide, Holocaust = 1. (특히 전쟁,화재로 인한) 대참사[대파괴]/ 2.홀로코스트(1930~40년대 나치에 의한 유대인 대학살), 1. great or complete devastation or destruction, especially by fire. 2. sacrifice completely consumed by fire; burnt offering. 3. Usually the Holocaust. the systematic mass slaughter of European Jews in Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
Massacre = [전쟁, 보복, 약탈 로]대학살, 1. the unnecessary, indiscriminate killing of a large number of human beings or animals, as in barbarous warfare or persecution or for revenge or plunder[약찰 강탈]. 2. general slaughter, as of persons or animals: Genocide = 집단[종족, 민족, 종교]학살 the intentional action to destroy a people - usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group, ------------ * homicide[합적적 살인 포함], murder[불법 범죄 살인], Wrongful death-불법 행위에 의한 사망,
Homicide = simply defined as “wrongful killing of one human being by another,” is a broad term used to describe several instances where a crime was committed against a person. Murders, meanwhile, are a subset of this category.
If you kill someone in a genuine act of self-defense, then you have not committed a crime. However, as self-defense must be proven and is often an ambiguous term as well as one that requires legal support as well as judicial confirmation, it is strongly advised that you contact a dedicated criminal defense attorney from South Florida to help ensure there are no negative consequences for the action.
Typically, homicide conviction will result in a prison sentence or even the death penalty for the perpetrator[(범행, 과실, 악행을 저지른) 가해자(범인)].
Wrongful death = [불법 행위에 의한 사망, 불법 사망] is what occurs as a result of someone else’s negligence or misconduct. It is important to note that a wrongful death can still be the result of intent,
Murder = In the US, murder is considered a capital crime, and is a term for “criminal homicide.” In other words, killing another person in a way that cannot be justified as reasonable is considered murder ? or manslaughter ? and carries extremely heavy penalties, including the possibility of the death penalty, depending upon the jurisdiction.
Murder is unlawful killing. Generally, when there is no intent to kill, it is considered less severe than murder. -------------- * hope, wish, Hope = hope mainly expresses a desire that is possible or likely to happen. Wish = In a nutshell[아주 간결하게], wish usually expresses a desire that is impossible or unlikely to happen. -------------- * Huge, immense, Enormous, immense, Tremendous, Huge = extremely large in size,
Enormous, huge = There is NO DIFFERENCE. It is a matter of perception. Huge, enormous are interchangeable and basically means something very large or immense, usually size-크기 or some other quantity-수량 (a huge tent, an enormous range of goods).
Enormous = enormous, immense, huge, vast, gigantic, colossal, mammoth mean exceedingly large. enormous and immense both suggest an exceeding of all ordinary bounds in size or amount or degree, but enormous often adds an implication of abnormality or monstrousness. huge commonly suggests an immensity of bulk or amount.
Huge, immense = The common idea of these words, is something, greatly, beyond the usual measure, but those, of huge, and, vast, relate, more, to such things, as are material, those, of enormous, and, immense, to such, as are ideal, with this difference, between them; that huge, implies, greatness in bulk; vast, greatness in extent,
Tremendous = awe-inspiring; terrific. Notable for its size, power, or excellence. Ex) Van Beethoven's ninth symphony is a tremendous piece of music. Extremely large (in amount, extent, degree, etc.) or great, Ex) There was a tremendous outpouring of support. ========= III
* If, Whether, If = 1. 접속사 Conjunction (가정적 조건을 나타내어) (만약) …하면 2. Conjunction (으레 그렇게 된다는 법칙적인 조건을 나타내어) …면, …하기만 하면 Whether = 1. 접속사 Conjunction …인지 (아닌지?(아니면) ~인지) 2. 접속사 Conjunction …이든 (아니든?(아니면) ~이든)
If and whether are often interchangeable. If a yes/no condition is involved, then feel free to use either: "I wonder whether Jim will finish the project on time?" or "I wonder if Jim will finish the project on time?" (Whether sounds a little more formal in this case, so consider your audience and how you wish to be perceived.) It gets trickier when a condition is not involved. "Let me know whether Marcia needs a projector for the meeting" isn't conditional, because you want to be informed either way. "Let me know if Marcia needs a projector for the meeting" is conditional because you want to be told only if she needs one. And always use if when you introduce a condition. "If you hit your monthly target, I'll increase your bonus," is correct; the condition is hitting the target and the bonus is the result. "Whether you are able to hit your monthly target is totally up to you," does not introduce a condition (unless you want the employee to infer that your thinly veiled threat is a condition of ongoing employment). ---------- * Inappropriate, improper, Inappropriate = (행동)부적절한, 부적합한, more to describe behavior, Improper = 부당한, 부도덕한, is used more like wrong, ---------- * Insecticide, pesticide difference, - Pesticides are chemicals that may be used to kill fungus, bacteria, insects, plant diseases, snails, slugs, or weeds among others. - Insecticides are a type of pesticide that is used to specifically target and kill insects. --------- * illicit, Illegal, Illegal[not in accordance with laws 불법] activities are, of course, those that are forbidden by law. Illicit[against the law 법에 부적절한, 또는 위반] activities are considered improper or socially forbidden, -------- * Impact, Affect, Effect, Impact = (강력한) 영향, 충격, Affect = 영향을 미치다. Effect = 영향, 결과, 효과, Many people (including, until recently, me) use impact when they should use affect. Impact doesn't mean to influence; impact means to strike, collide, or pack firmly. Affect means to influence: "Impatient investors affected our rollout date."
And to make it more confusing, effect means to accomplish something: "The board effected a sweeping policy change." How you correctly use effect or affect can be tricky. For example, a board can affect changes by influencing them and can effect changes by directly implementing them. Bottom line, use effect if you're making it happen, and affect if you're having an impact on something that someone else is trying to make happen. As for nouns, effect is almost always correct: "Employee morale has had a negative effect on productivity." Affect refers to an emotional state, so unless you're a psychologist, you probably have little reason to use it. So stop saying you'll "impact sales" or "impact the bottom line." Use affect. (And feel free to remind me when I screw that up, because I feel sure I'll backslide.) --------------- * Imply, Infer, The speaker or writer implies, which means to suggest. The listener or reader infers, which means to deduce, whether correctly or not.
So I might imply you're going to receive a raise. And you might infer that a pay increase is imminent. (But not eminent, unless the raise will somehow be prominent and distinguished.) ------------- * Intellect-지성, intellectual-지식, intelligent-지능,지적, Intelligence, 지식인; an intellectual/ an intelligent, 지성인; an Intellect,
Intellect = 1.지적 능력[생각하는 기능, 능력], 지력/ 2.지적 능력이 뛰어난 사람, the faculty of thinking, judging, abstract reasoning, and conceptual understanding; the cognitive faculty (uncountable), Intellect is inborn and relates to facts, Intelligence relates to feelings
intellectual = 1.지능의, 지적인 (=mental), 지성의/ 2.교육을 많이 받은, 이지적인, is an intelligent, learned person, especially one who discourses about learned matters,
intelligent= 1.총명한, 똑똑한 (↔unintelligent) 2.지능이 있는, Intelligence = 1.지능 (→artificial intelligence)/ 2.기밀, 정보; 정보 요원들 ---------- * interfere, interrupt, Intervene, interfere = 간섭[개입/참견]하다. Interrupt = 1.방해하다/ 2.중단시키다/ 3.차단하다 Intervene = 1.(상황 개선을 돕기 위해) 개입하다/ 2.(다른 사람이 말하는 데) 끼어들다[가로막다]/ 3.(방해가 되는 일이) 생기다[일어나다]. interfere = to get involved or involve oneself, causing a disturbance. Interrupt = basically means to stop/pause/break an activity or process. Intervene (verb): To come in or between so as to affect, --------------- * intrude침입[집, 사생활], invade [군사]침략, Intrude = to thrust[1.(거칠게) 밀다, 밀치다, 찌르다. 2.(무기 등을 가지고 사람을) 찌르다] oneself in; to come or enter without invitation, permission, or welcome;; to encroach; to trespass. Intrusion = the forcible inclusion or entry of an external group or individual; the act of intruding,
Invade; is a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government. ---------- * Incident, occurrence, event, happening, Incident = 1.(특히 특이하거나 불쾌한) 일[사건] 2.(범죄,사고 등의) 사건 3.(국가 간의, 흔히 무력이 개입되는) 사건[분쟁] Occurrence = 1.발생하는[존재하는/나타나는] 것 2.발생, 존재, 나타남, event = 1.(특히 중요한) 사건[일] 2.행사, happening ; 1.(특히 계획하지 않은 일이) 있음[발생/벌어짐], 2.(무엇의 결과로) 일어남,
occurrence is actual instance where a situation arises while incident is an event or occurrence. As a adjective incident is arising as the result of an event, inherent. event is an occurrence; something that happens, happening is something that happens. As a verb happening is (happen). ------- * Insure, Ensure, Insure refers to insurance.
Ensure = means to make sure. So if you promise an order will ship on time, ensure that it actually happens. Unless, of course, you plan to arrange for compensation if the package is damaged or lost -- then feel free to insure away. (While there are exceptions where insure is used, the safe move is to use ensure when you will do everything possible to make sure something happens.) --------------- * Intrusion, Invasion, trespass, Trespass = 1. 무단 침입[출입]하다 2. (남의 사유지에 대한) 무단출입[침입], Enter the owner's land or property without permission. commit an offense against (a person or a set of rules).
Intrusion = 1.(개인 사생활 등에 대한) 침범[침해](하는 것) 2.(무단) 침입, 마음대로 들어감 forcible inclusion or entry of an external group or individual; the act of intruding,
Invasion = 1.(적군의) 침략[침입] 2.(귀찮을 정도로) 몰려듦, 쇄도, 침입 3. 침해, 침범 (→ invade), a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government. --------- * Irregardless, Regardless, Irregardless = 상관없이 [(규칙을 잘 지키는 사람이나 부유층 아이들에게 거부 반응을 일으키는 'regardless'의 비표준적인 표현)], (=regardless)
Regardless = 개의치[상관하지] 않고, Irregardless appears in some dictionaries because it's widely used to mean "without regard to" or "without respect to," which is also what regardless means.
In theory the ir-, which typically means "not," joined up with regardless, which means "without regard to," makes irregardless mean "not without regard to," or more simply, "with regard to." Which probably makes it a word that does not mean what you think it means. So save yourself a syllable and just say regardless. -------------- * It's, its, It's = 1.[Short form] it is의 축약형 2.[Short form] it has의 축약형, is the contraction of it is. That means it's doesn't own anything.
its = (사물 동물을 가리켜) 그것의, ============ JJJ
* Jail, Prison, Jails 교도소, 유치장 = are usually local facilities under the jurisdiction of a city, local district, or county. Jails are short-term holding facilities for the newly arrested and those awaiting trial or sentencing. Those sentenced to serve a small amount of time (less than a year) may be housed in the local jail for the duration of their sentence.
Prisons 감옥 = are institutional facilities under the jurisdiction of the state or federal government where convicted offenders serve longer sentences. People who have been found guilty of breaking a state law are usually sent to a state prison. Those who have violated federal laws are typically sent to federal prison located somewhere in the U.S. Some states have jails and prisons that are privately operated?usually by a corporation. The state basically contracts with these private facilities to house prisoners and does not have as much control over how the facilities are operated. ============= KKK
* Knife, Sword, Knife = 6인치 이하의 칼, Knives are generally 6 inches or less,
Sword = (무기로 쓰이는 긴) 칼, 검(劍) swords are generally a foot or longer. While there is no established cut-off between a knife and a sword as far as length. The longer the blade gets to a certain point, the more useful it becomes as a fighting weapon. ============== LLL
* Lawqw 법조항의 형식, 법조문 체계순서 or document structures, * [순서] 권,편,장,절,관,조,항,호,목, [없는것; verse, phrase, provision,] Book, volume[part], chapter, section, subsection, article, paragraph, subparagraph, clause[item], 권 卷; book, 편 篇; 부(部), 파트, volume, part, 장 章; 챕터 chapter, 절 節; 섹션 section, 관 款; subsection, 조 條; article, 항 項; paragraph, par, para, 항, 절, 단락, 호 號; subparagraph, 목 目; clause[item], 조항, 조목, --------- * Lawqw, Statute Law 법 = are written or unwritten guidelines or rules that are followed by communities. Laws are cumulative.
Statute =법규, 법령, Statute law is written laws originating from municipalities[지방 자치제, 지방 자치제 당국], states, or national legislatures; Statutes are not cumulative[누적되는]; each legislative session has a separate volume. --------- * Learn, Study Learn = [실습, 가르침을통해] 배우다, to gain knowledge or skill by studying, practising, being taught, or experiencing something. Study = (책경험 등을 통한) 공부[연구], 학습, 학문, to read, memorize facts, attend school, etc., in order to learn about a subject. ------------ * Lenient, Generous, Tolerant, [관대함 tolerance], Lenient 리니언트; (처벌, 규칙 적용이) 관대한, Lenient [tolerant, merciful] = being kind to someone who did something bad or broke the rules. E.g. "The teacher was very lenient towards late students." Generous = being more kind than is expected or needed. E.g. "The teacher was very generous and gave everyone bonus marks on the test"
Tolerant 관대한 [허가, 허용, 이해, 받아드림] = tending to permit, allow, understand, or accept something, -------- * Limp, hobble, 다리를 절다. 절뚝거리다. Limp = 한 다리에 의지하고 걷다. means that you are favoring one leg. A person that limps puts most of their weight on one leg and kind of drags the other along. Hobble = 두다리가 나쁘던가, [장애나 다쳐서]불편하게 천천히 걷다. is someone who is walking weird, struggling to walk (both legs bad), and often someone who is just really slow (often because of injury/handicap), --------- * Liquid, Fluid Solid 고체[형]/ Liquid 액체[형]/ Fluid 유동체[형], - Liquid is one of the states of matter, liquids, on the other hand, flow and are described as having volume with no fixed shape. All liquids[액체들] are fluids[유동체들] but not all fluids are liquids. - The fluid is the state of a specific substance, The basic characteristic of fluids is the flow of fluids. --------- * Liquor, Liqueurs, Alcohol Malt, cocktail, Spirit, Liquor = a name for alcohol drinks. Liquor is a beverage that contains alcohol. Liquor, also known as spirits, is an alcoholic beverage made of grains or other plants that are fermented into a potent drink. Though a few others fall into this category, it's generally accepted that six types of distilled spirits are liquors: brandy, gin, rum, tequila, vodka, and whiskey.
Liqueurs = Technically, liqueurs are liquor because they are distilled spirits. The general difference is that liqueurs are sweetened spirits with various flavors, oils, and extracts added; rum, whiskey, brandy, and other liquors can serve as a base spirit for liqueurs.
Alcohol = 술음료에 들어있는 물질의 이름 a substance found in alcoholic drinks, Not all alcoholic beverages are liquors, and beer, wine, malt[맥아 엿기름] beverages all contain alcohol but all alcohols are not liquors.
Cocktail = 위스키, 브랜디, 진 따위의 독한 양주를 적당히 섞은 후 감미료나 방향료(芳香料), 과즙 따위를 얼음과 함께 혼합한 술. ‘섞음 술’로 순화. an alcoholic drink consisting of a spirit or several spirits mixed with other ingredients, such as fruit juice, lemonade, or cream.
Malt = (맥주, 위스키 등의 원료가 되는) 맥아, 엿기름,
Spirit = 주정, 독한 술 주정제의 뜻을 포함한 증류주의 총칭. 주류를 크게 양조주 (청주, 포도주, 맥주 등) 와 증류주 (위스키, 브랜디, 럼, 진?, 등)로 나누는데, 이스트균의 발효작용에 의한 양조주는 알코올 농도 20도 이상은 제조할수 없다. the liquid containing ethanol and water that is distilled from an alcoholic liquid or mash - often used in plural. ------------ * Loneliness, Solitude 외로움, 고독, Loneliness = [사회, 친구, 가정에서 왕따 된] 외로움, 고독, is characterized by a subjective negative feeling. Marked by a sense of isolation.
Solitude = [사회, 가정, 단체에서 스스로 떠난] 외로움, (특히 즐거운) 고독, solitude is a state of being away from society, Solitude does not have the same negative connotations, ----------- * lot, lots of, a lot of, a lot, lot = 1. 제비를 뽑(아 정하)다 2. (비격식) (동사, 형용사 및 부사의 비교급을 수식하여) 대단히 3. 지나치게 4. 몹시 5. 추첨, 6. 남자 이름, 롵 롯,
lots of = 수많은, a lot of = 많은 much, a lot = 1.많이 2. (비교급 강조) 매우,
a lot of and lots of have the same meaning: they both mean a large amount or number of people or things. They are both used before countable nouns and uncountable nouns:
with countable nouns: a lot of people went to the game. Lots of people went to the game.
with uncountable nouns: a lot of snow falls in winter. Lots of snow falls in winter.
a lot means very often or very much. It is used as an adverb. It often comes at the end of a sentence and never before a noun.
I like basketball a lot. She's a lot happier now than she was. I don't go there a lot anymore. ---------- * Lumber, Timber, Wood - Timber 대들보, 큰목재 = is considered by and large as less of a processed wood product and can also refer to intact trees which have not been cut,
- Lumber = timber 를 잘라서만든 작은목재 또는 건축용 재목 ; 1. Lumber is used to describe felled trees. It’s something much more crude than timber; usually, lumber will still have its bark. An easy way to understand the broad difference between timber and lumber is that lumber is less processed than timber. 2. (uncountable) wood intended as a building material. is usually thought of as wood that has been cut to standard sizes and sold commercially for construction use.
- Wood 장작, 나무 또는 산에있는 나무 = 1. is used to describe the fibrous substance that makes up a tree; the very thing that supports it when it’s in the ground, allowing growth and stability. Wood is easily understood as the structure that makes up a tree. Also, people often use the word wood loosely to refer to both lumber and timber; or even more generally to refer to things like ‘wood flooring’, ‘wood cladding’. 2. (uncountable) the substance making up the central part of the trunk and branches of a tree used as a material for construction, to manufacture various items, etc or as fuel, ========== MMM
* Make, Produce, Make is to behave, to act. produce is to yield[(수익결과농작물 등을) 내다(산출/생산하다)], make or manufacture; to generate, ‘produce’ means the creation of something only by hand, ------- * 기억력, 건망증 健忘症 Memory loss, Memory Decline, Amnesia, forgetfulness, short[poor/bad] memory,
-Retrograde amnesia is the inability to recall past memories, -Anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories. - Short[poor/bad] memory,
Amnesia = 기억상실(증) --------- Marry 결혼하다, married to or married with? Both are correct. When we use male name first, we say married with. When we use female name first, we say married to. “You married her” - correct, "A is married to B" ? correct, "A married with B" ? correct, "A is married with B" ? incorrect. -------- * Medicine, medication, drug, difference, Medicine, 일반 [정제된] 알약들 = a pill is a small, rounded object that contains medicine. all medicines are drugs, but all drugs (including addictive cocane) are not medicines. purpose of a medicine is to prevent, alleviate or cure a symptom, ailment or disease state.
Medications, 먹을수 없는 의학적 화학약품 포함 = come in many dosage forms, including tablets, capsules, liquids, creams, and patches.
Drug, 의약품, 약, 약물, 마약 포함 = all drugs (including addictive heroin cocane) are not medicines. drug, in contrast to a medicine, can have a positive or negative effect on a patient. ----------- * Moment, Momentum, Moment = 1. 잠깐, 잠시 (→senior moment) 2. (정확한 시점을 나타내는) 순간, 3. (특정한) 때[시기]
Momentum = 1. (일의 진행에 있어서의) 탄력[가속도] 2. 가속도, 3. 운동량(물체의 질량과 속도의 곱으로 나타내는 물리량) --------- * Mute, Moot,
Mute = 1. 무언의, 말없는 (=silent) 2. 구식 말을 못하는, 벙어리의 (=dumb) 3. 음악 (악기 소리를 더 부드럽게 하는) 약음기 Moot = 1.美 (가능성이 적으므로) 고려할 가치가 없는 2. 격식 (의견 등을) 제기하다 (=propose, put forward)
Think of mute like the button on your remote; it means unspoken or unable to speak. In the U.S., moot refers to something that is of no practical importance; a moot point is one that could be hypothetical or even (gasp!) academic. In British English, moot can also mean debatable or open to debate.
So if you were planning an IPO, but your sales have plummeted, the idea of going public could be moot. And if you decide not to talk about it anymore, you will have gone mute on the subject. ============= NNN * Number, Amount, I goof these up all the time. Use number when you can count what you refer to: "The number of subscribers who opted out increased last month." Amount refers to a quantity of something that can't be counted: "The amount of alcohol consumed at our last company picnic was staggering."
Of course it can still be confusing: "I can't believe the number of beers I drank" is correct, but so is, "I can't believe the amount of beer I drank." The difference is you can count beers, but beer, especially if you were way too drunk to keep track, is an uncountable total and makes amount the correct usage. ------------- * Nutrition, Nutrient, Nourishment, differences/ nutrition fact, Nutrient = [각각의] 영양분, 영양소 [탄수화물, 비타민, 미네랄 등] Nutrients are the components that give you energy and nourishment. Exam : carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, etc.
Nutrition = 식품에 있는 영양분 [처리과정, 역할] Nutrition is in oats, corn, rice, carrots, beef, garlic, ginger and other cold-weather foods, Nutrition is the nourishment itself or the act of providing nourishment.
nutrition fact = 영양분석,
Nourishment = [몸 안에 (활동하는) 있는 영양분] 자양분 공급 행위, nourishment is the act of nourishing or the state of being nourished[nourish ; 영양분을 주다, 공급하다], =========== OOO
* Officer, Official, Official is higher than an officer.
Officer = 1. 장교 (→flying officer, petty officer, pilot officer, warrant officer) 2. [정부 기관이나, 계급제도가 있는 큰 조직체의 직책에 있는 사람] (→chief executive officer, medical officer,) Officer is one who has a position of authority in a hierarchical[계급제의 (hai?r?ːrkik?l, -kik)] organization, especially in military, police, government organizations,
Officer is merely someone who holds an office, but generally it means someone who has been tasked with protecting or policing something, like policemen and women you might see on the street.
Official = 1. 공무[직무]상의, (직책과 관련된) 공식적인[공적인]/ 2. (책임자가 공인한) 공식적인, 공인된, 정식의/ 3. (고위) 공무원[관리], 임원, Official refers to anyone who is in a position of authority, generally a high ranking individual. Official is an office holder invested with powers and authorities. ========== * Organic 유기농, Inorganic 무기농[화학 농업 공업에 사용]/ Nonorganic 비유기농[식품에 사용]
As adjectives,, inorganic 무기농 is (chemistry) relating to a compound that does not contain carbon, nonorganic 비유기농 is (usually, of food) not organic.
As nouns,, inorganic is (chemistry) an inorganic compound, nonorganic is an item, material, etc that is not organic. ============ * 산소 [Oxygen] Ventilator, Breathing Apparatus, oxygen concentrator, Respirator,
- [Oxygen] Ventilator, 인공호흡기 = [환자가] 숨쉬기 힘들어 숨쉬는것 도와주는 장치, 탄산가스 배출도 해줌, is a machine that provides mechanical ventilation by moving breathable air into and out of the lungs, to deliver breaths to a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently.
- Breathing Apparatus, 인공호흡기, [공기 호흡기 아님] = 예, 산소통 포함, 잠수부 스쿠버 다이버용, 고압 산소, 압축 공기 따위를 써서 인공적으로 호흡을 조절하여 허파에 산소를 불어 넣는 장치. 일정압 또는 일정량의 공기를 일정한 간격으로 주입하거나 환자의 호흡에 맞추어 불어 넣는다. is a respiratory device worn to supply safe compressed air to the wearer. Breathing apparatus is typically applied by people exposed to hazardous atmospheric air or a lack of oxygen, which can cause health issues or endanger their lives.
- oxygen concentrator 산소발생기? = 공기를 빨아드려 농축해서 배출만 하는 기계, 환자가 숨쉬고 기계는 도와주지 않음,
Respirator = (연기, 가스, 페인트 등을 차단하기 위해 쓰는) [filter 있건 없건] 마스크, is a type of mask that covers the user’s nose and mouth.
Oxygen generator = 산소 발생기계 아님, 산소 분리기계? separate oxygen from air so that the gas can be fed into industrial processes in real-time or stored in pressure tanks. Oxygen generators are used in dozens of industrial applications ranging from gold mining to aquaculture to life support. ============ PPP
* Peak, Peek Peak = is the highest point; climbers try to reach the peak of Mount Everest. Peek means quick glance, as in giving major customers a sneak peek at a new product before it's officially unveiled, which hopefully helps sales peak at an unimaginable height.
Occasionally a marketer will try to "peak your interest" or "peek your interest," but in that case the right word is pique, which means "to excite." (Pique can also mean "to upset," but hopefully that's not what marketers intend.)
Peek = ========== * Penalty, Fine 벌금 罰金, Penalty 는 법 규칙 위반으로 내는 처벌금, Fine 은 법원이나, authority 당국[기관]에 내는 돈,
Penalty = a punishment imposed for breaking a law, rule, or contract. Fine = a sum of money exacted as a penalty by a court of law or other authority. ------- * Perspective, Viewpoint [point of view]
Perspective = is a view, vista[아름다운 경치] or outlook, 단어 outlook ; 1.(특정 개인, 집단, 문화가 가진 인생, 세계에 대한) 관점, 세계관, 인생관/ 2.(앞날에 대한) 전망 (=prospect)/ 3.(특정 장소에서 바라다 보이는 입체적,또는 이차원 평면적) 전망]. The appearance of depth in objects, especially as perceived using binocular vision. The technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface.
Viewpoint = (어떤 주제에 대해 바라보는) 관점[시각], is the position from which something is observed or considered; an angle, outlook or point of view. -------- * Pesticide, Insecticide, Fungicide, Herbicide,
Pesticide = 해충 살충제, substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds. The term pesticide includes all of the following: herbicide, insecticides (which may include insect growth regulators, termiticides, etc.) nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, antimicrobial, and fungicide.
The most common of these are herbicides which account for approximately 80% of all pesticide use. Most pesticides are intended to serve as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general, protect plants from weeds, fungi, or insects.
Insecticide = 곤충 살충제, Insecticide is a pesticide used against insects, Insecticides are a type of pesticide that is used to specifically target and kill insects. Some insecticides include snail bait, ant killer, wasp killer. Herbicidesare used to kill undesirable plants or “weeds”. ---- Insecticide = substances used to kill insects. They include ovicides[(해충의 알을 죽이는) 살란제] and larvicides[유충을 죽이는 약제, 살충제] used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers. Insecticides can be classified into two major groups: systemic insecticides, which have residual or long term activity; and contact insecticides, which have no residual activity.
Furthermore, one can distinguish three types of insecticide. 1. Natural insecticides, such as nicotine, pyrethrum and neem extracts, made by plants as defenses against insects. 2. Inorganic insecticides, which are metals. 3. Organic insecticides, which are organic chemical compounds, mostly working by contact.
The mode of action describes how the pesticide kills or inactivates a pest. It provides another way of classifying insecticides. Mode of action is important in understanding whether an insecticide will be toxic to unrelated species, such as fish, birds and mammals.
Insecticides may be repellent or non-repellent. Social insects such as ants cannot detect non-repellents and readily crawl through them. As they return to the nest they take insecticide with them and transfer it to their nestmates. Over time, this eliminates all of the ants including the queen. This is slower than some other methods, but usually completely eradicates the ant colony.Insecticides are distinct from non-insecticidal repellents, which repel but do not kill. ---- Fungicide = a chemical substance used to kill fungus or prevent it from growing, ---- Herbicide = Some herbicides will kill all the plants they touch, while others are designed to target one species. --------------- Pot belly, Beer belly[Beer gut, protruding belly,] Beer belly = 올챙이배, 배불뚝이, 볼록 나온 배, [선천적일수도 있다], [맥주 많이 마신다고 배가 나오지 않는다.] The beer actually does not cause these beer bellies, Pot belly = 똥배, protruding belly = 튀어나온 배, protruding teeth-뻐드렁니, --------------- * Precede, Proceed, Precede means to come before. Proceed means to begin or continue. Where it gets confusing is when an -ing comes into play. "The proceeding announcement was brought to you by..." sounds fine, but preceding is correct since the announcement came before.
If it helps, think precedence: Anything that takes precedence is more important and therefore comes first. --------- * prenuptial agreement (이혼 시 재산 분할에 대한) 결혼전 합의서, (also called a premarital agreement or prenup) is a legal contract two parties sign before they enter into the institution of marriage. To have a valid prenup in California, a couple must draw up the contract per specific laws and regulation, ---------- * Prepare, Prepare for, Provide, Provide for,
- Prepare [make] = prepare is to make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble, "prepare yourself". - Prepare for ; Prepare for is often used for events, for example "I have to prepare for the party"
- Provide = [물건을] 제공[공급]하다, 주다 (=supply) provide is to make a living; earn money for necessities. make available for use; supply, - Provide for = [무엇을위해 준비하다] prepare for examinations, 시험 준비를 하다./ ~에 대해 준비[대비]하다. provide for something, Make adequate preparation for (a possible event), -------- press, depress, press = 언론, 압력을 가하다, (무엇에 대고) 누르다[눌리다], (무엇에) 바짝 대다[밀착시키다/밀착되다], to press something means to push it or push against it.
depress down = (특히 기계의 어느 부분을) 누르다[밀다], to depress something is to push it down (especially something designed to trigger a function when pushed down, like causing letter to appear on screen. In a metaphorical terms, a person is said to be depressed if their mood has been significantly “pushed down”. ------------ * Principle, Principal, Principle = is a fundamental: "Our culture is based on a set of shared principles." Principal means primary or of first importance: "Our startup's principal is located in NYC." (Sometimes you'll also see the plural, principals, used to refer to executives or relatively co-equals at the top of a particular food chain.)
Principal = can also refer to the most important item in a particular set: "Our principal account makes up 60 percent of our gross revenues." Principal can also refer to money, normally a sum that was borrowed, but can be extended to refer to the amount you owe -- hence principal and interest.
If you're referring to laws, rules, guidelines, ethics, etc., use principle. If you're referring to the CEO or the president (or an individual in charge of a high school), use principal. --------- * process, procedure, Process = Processed food 가공식품, 1.(특정 결과를 달성하기 위한) 과정[절차] (→peace process), 2.(자연스러운 변화가 일어나는) 과정, 3.(원자재식품 등을) 가공[처리]하다. process is a set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs. “a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.”
Procedure = 예; procedure instruction for machine, 기계 조작[진행]순서 설명서[지시(서)], operating procedure instruction [기계]조작[운영]진행 설명[서], 1.(특히 어떤 일을 늘?제대로 하는) 절차[방법], 2.(특히 상업?법률?정치에서 일을 하는 공식적인) 절차[수순], 3.수술, procedure is specified way to carry out an activity or a process. “an established or official way of doing something. ---------- * prostitute, hoochie, slut, Prostitute = 창녀, 매춘부, hoochie = 바람기 있는[문란한] 여자; 창녀, 매춘부, promiscuous[(성생활이) 난잡한(문란한)] woman, a female who dresses scantily[몸을 거의 다 드러내다시피 옷을 입은 모델들] or in a revealing fashion. slut = 난잡하게 놀아먹는 계집, 잡년, sexually promiscuous woman or girl. often a gay man. bold, outspoken woman. ---------- Psycho, psychopath, sociopath, Psycho = (아주 이상하게 폭력적인) 정신병자, 영어에서는 Psycho 와 psychopath 는 동일하게 취급한다. Psycho is a slang term for someone who is mentally unstable or afflicted with a psychosis[정신병].
Psychopath = (폭력성을 동반하는 이상 심리 소유자), Psychopath 가 sociopath 보다 더 위험하다. Psychopaths are usually deemed[,,여기다, 생각하다=consider,] more dangerous than sociopaths, Psychopaths tend to be more manipulative, can be seen by others as more charming, lead a semblance[외관, 겉모습] of a normal life, and minimize risk in criminal activities.
Sociopath = 반(反)사회적 인격 장애자, Sociopaths tend to be more erratic[불규칙한, 일정치 않은, 변덕스러운 (=unpredictable)], rage-prone[격노하기 쉬운], and unable to lead as much of a normal life. =========== QQQ
============ RRR * Realize, Recognize, Realize = 깨닫다, 인식[자각]하다, Realize means to understand a situation clearly, by using one’s mind and other senses. - I realized the building was on fire when I smelled the smoke. - I realized my mistake and apologized to her at once. Realization ; 깨달음, 자각, 인식 (=awareness)
Recognize = [어떤 사람, 사물을 보거나 듣고 (전에 경험으로) 알다. 알아보다. 구별하다. means to identify something or someone based on having previous experience with that thing or person: - Even though I haven’t seen her in five years, I recognized her right away at the airport. - Movie stars wear dark sunglasses so that nobody will recognize them. Recognition ; (공로 등에 대한) 인정, 표창, 감사장, ---------- * Refuse, Reject, decline, deny, Refusal, Rejection, Refuse = (요청, 부탁, 남이 원하거나 필요로 하는 것을) 거절[거부]하다. opposite of to 'accept', to decline (a request or demand). Reject = 받아드리지 않다. 1.(주장생각계획 등을) 기각,거부[거절]하다/ 2.(직장직책 등에) 거부하다[불합격시키다], you decide not to agree with proposal or a request,
Visa-Refusal = becomes the tag for an application that has failed at the decision-making stage. visa-Rejection = becomes the tag for an application that did not reach the decision-making stage and was returned to the applicant.
Decline = 기각시키다, to move downwards, to fall, to drop. (수가치품질 등의 지속적인) 감소[하락/축소], Deny = 사실이 아니라고 말하다, not allow, say something is not true, ------- * Rebut, Refute, 반박하다, 반론하다, Rebut =논쟁의 증거로 제기하는 반론, 반박, "to contradict or oppose, esp. in a formal manner by argument, proof, etc. as in a debate."
Refute = 당신이 잘못이라고 증명하는 반박 반론, "to prove (a person) to be wrong; confute. to prove (an argument or statement) to be false or wrong, by argument or evidence." ------- * Revenge, Vengeance, Avenge, Retribution, - Revenge [당한 사람 본인에의한]복수, 보복 is retribution/retaliation done by the same person who has suffered the (perceived) wrong. Revenge is any form of personal retaliatory action against an individual, institution, or group for some perceived harm or injustice
- Vengeance 부당한 대우를 받은 사람을 대신해서 하는 복수 is retribution/retaliation done on behalf of[-을 대신하여, -을 대표하여, -을 위해서 (=as a representative of)] someone who has been wronged[부당한대우를 받은 사람],
- Avenge 복수하다 is to take vengeance (for); to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer, - Retribution (강력한) 응징[징벌] punishment inflicted[(괴로움 등을) 가하다[안기다]] on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act. ========== SSS * Scold, (formal)rebuke, chastise, (literary)chide, reprimand, scold = rebuke, (특히 아이를) 야단치다[꾸짖다] rebuke (formal) = 힐책[질책]하다, 꾸짖다, criticise harshly, chastise ; punish 1.[격식] 꾸짖다 2.[구식] 태형[체형]을 가하다 (=beat) chide (literary) ; reprimand ; 질책, 견책하다. https://www.reddit.com/r/vocabulary/comments/3rcmkq/what_are_the_differences_between_these_15_words/
Parents scold their children for poor behavior, employers reprimand their employees for poor work ethic, angry people berate their subordinates, and anyone can criticize.
Castigate, chasten and chastise all have the same root origin, from castus ‘morally pure, chaste.’ A priest will castigate a monk and a nun will chastise an orphan.
Lambaste specifically implies a physical beating but it's always used for hyperbolic effect, you'll probably see this word in the newspaper.
Rebuke has a sense of immediacy to it, it's usually used to describe spoken criticism that occurs immediately after whatever is being criticized happens and is directed directly to the person being criticized.
Government entities and officials will censure each other.
I'm just a native English speaker who reads a lot so don't take this as gospel, not too familiar with the rest of the words. Sorry! Criticize/ castigate/ berate/ upbraid/ Chasten/ Chastise/ reprove/ reproach Rebuke/ chide/ scold/ reprimand Lambaste/ admonish/ censure/ ------------ * Sedentary lifestyle ; [앉아서 일하는] 좌식 생활방식, Sedentary 세덴터리 ; 1.주로 앉아서 하는/ 2.주로 앉아서 지내는, 몸을 많이 움직이지 않는, ------------- * Seller, Vender, Seller = 판매회사, 배급업자로부터 물건을 받아서 파는 사람, Seller typically means a third party who take products from vendor and then sell it to marketplace. Both have different pros and cons.
Vender = 1.(특정한 제품) 판매 회사, 2.(거리의) 행상인[노점상], 3.법률 (주택 등의) 매도인 (→seller), typically a manufacturer or distributor[배급(판매/유통) 업자(회사)] who manufactures and sell their products in bulk either to Virtual storefront or to third party sellers. ------- * Shock, Impact, Shock = (폭발, 지진 등으로 인한) 충격, 정신적, Shock load is one way destructive vibrations are introduced into a system. Impact = (물리적) (충돌로 인한) 충격, an extreme force or shock applied over a short time period. As when two or more objects collide. This type of acceleration or force has a greater effect than a lower force applied over a longer period of time. ------- Side effect, Adverse effect, Side effect = 부작용, side effect is a secondary unwanted effect that occurs due to drug therapy, Adverse effect = 역효과 adverse reaction, adverse effect is an resulting undesired harmful effect from a medication or other intervention, such as surgery. Adverse events are unintended pharmacologic [의도하지 않은, 약리학] effects that occur when a medication is administered[집행되다, 투여 되다] correctly. ---------- * Slander, Libel, 명예훼손, Slander = 구두의, Slanderous remarks are spoken Libel = 문서에 의한, Libelous remarks are written and published Libel refers to making a false statement that is harmful to a person's reputation. Defamatory[중상하는, 명예를 훼손하는] tweets[트위트로 메세지를 전달] could be considered libelous, not slanderous). --------- * shout, scream, yell, Shout 어떤 특별한 감정이나 의도가 없이 소리를지르다 = is the general purpose, catch-all for a raised voice WITHOUT any particular emotional or signaling intent[의도를 신호로보내는]. Scream 두려움 공포 분노를 포힘힌 높은 고음으로 지르는 소리 = tends to include a higher pitch and connotes[함축하다] fear, panic, rage and other strong emotions. Yell 관심을 끌거나 강조하기위해 소리를 지르다 = is similar to shout but is usually for emphasis or to attract attention. --------------- * Stationary, Stationery,
Strike = 노동 조건의 유지 및 개선을 위하여, 또는 어떤 정치적 목적을 달성하고자 노동자들이 집단적으로 한꺼번에 작업을 중지하는 일. When a work stoppage is initiated by unionized employees it's considered a strike,
Stoppage = (파업의 하나로 하는) [업무] 조업 중단, [操業, 기계 따위를 움직여 일을 함.] work stoppage is a temporary cessation of work as a form of protest and can be initiated by employees or company management.
Lockout = (고용주에 의한) 사무실[공장] 폐쇄 (고용주가 특정한 조건에 동의할 때까지 근로자를 출근하지 못하게 하는 것), when it's initiated by management at a unionized facility it's considered a lockout. ---------- * Sympathy, Empathy, Sympathy = is acknowledging another person's feelings. "I am sorry for your loss" means you understand the other person is grieving and want to recognize that fact.
Empathy = is having the ability to put yourself in the other person's shoes and relate to how the person feels, at least in part because you've experienced those feelings yourself.
The difference is huge. Sympathy is passive; empathy is active. (Here's a short video by Bren Brown that does a great job of describing the difference, and explains how empathy fuels connection while sympathy drives disconnection.)
Know the difference between sympathy and empathy, live the difference, and you'll make a bigger difference in other people's lives. --------------- * Systemic, Systematic, systematic = means arranged or carried out according to a plan, method, or system. That's why you can take a systematic approach to continuous improvement, or do a systematic evaluation of customer revenue or a systematic assessment of market conditions.
Systemic = means belonging to or affecting the system as a whole. Poor morale could be systemic to your organization. Or bias against employee diversity could be systemic.
So if your organization is facing a pervasive problem, take a systematic approach to dealing with it -- that's probably the only way you'll overcome it. ============ TTT
--------- * Then, Than, Then = refers in some way to time. "Let's close this deal, and then we'll celebrate!" Since the celebration comes after the sale, then is correct. Then is also often used with if. Think in terms of if-then statements: "If we don't get to the office on time, then we won't be able to close the deal today."
Than = involves a comparison. "Landing Customer A will result in higher revenue than landing Customer B," or "Our sales team is more committed to building customer relationships than the competition is." ----------- * Throw, Cast, Sling, Fling, They all mean to move things from one place to another.
Throw = [어느정도 힘으로 전진하며 움직이며] 버리다, forward motion with some force, using hand/arm (throw a baseball)
Cast = [어느정도 힘으로] 아래로 던지다, downward motion with some force (cast stones into the water, cast a fishing line into the lake, casting dice while gambling, cast fishing net)
Sling = [어느정도 힘으로 털어내며(쓸어내며) 빠르게]던지다, forward, sweeping motion with some force; think “slingshot” (slung purse onto her shoulder, slung mud at her brother)
Fling = [빠르고 난폭한 동작으로]던지다, with quick and/or violent motion (flung shoe across the room, flung her arms around him, flung open the window, flung crawly bug off her sweater)
Launch = [대단한 에너지와 힘으로 (몰거나 밀거나 해서)] 나아가게 하다. 던지다. propel with force or great energy (launched the ship, launched her career) -------- look down on, despise, underestimate, contempt, belittle, depreciate, slight, (formal) disdain, 업신여기다, Treat poorly, 박대하다. Treat sb with contempt,
look down on 사람 = ~을 경시하다, 깔보다. ?낮춰보다. despise = 경멸하다. Underestimate = 1.(비용,규모 등을) 너무 적게 잡다[추산하다], 2.(사람을) 과소평가하다, contempt =경멸, 멸시, 무시[하다], (formal) disdain = 업심여김, 무시 [하다] Depreciate = 1. (어느 정도의 기간을 거치며) 가치가 떨어지다[절하되다] (↔appreciate), 2. 상업 (어느 정도의 기간을 거치며 특정 자산의) 가치를 떨어뜨리다[절하하다] 3. 격식 (…을) 무가치해 보이게 만들다[평가 절하하다] =========== UUU * Ultimate, penultimate,
Ultimate = means the best, or final, or last. Penultimate means the last but one, or second to last. (Or, as a Monty Python-inspired Michelangelo would say, "the Penultimate Supper!")
penultimate doesn't mean second-best. Plus, I don't think my PR friend meant to say her client offered second-class services. (I think she just thought the word sounded cool.)
Also, keep in mind that using ultimate is fraught with hyperbolic peril. Are you -- or is what you provide -- really the absolute best imaginable? That's a tough standard to meet. And now for the dreaded apostrophes: ========== VVV 무효로 하다, void, nullify, annul, 1. void = is (label)to make invalid[(법적공식적으로) 효력 없는, (무효한)] or worthless, 2. nullify = is (legal) to make legally invalid. 3. ann^ul 미,영 [??n?l] = (법적으로) 취소하다[무효하게 하다], is to formally revoke[폐지(철회/취소)하다] the validity[유효함] of. =========== WWW
* Wash, Rinse, Wash = 비누, 세제를 사용해서 씻는것, Implies something else (soap, detergent) is used to clean as well. Rinse = (비누를 쓰지 않고 물에) 씻다. 행구다. Using only water to clean something,
말보다 실천 ; * well done is better than well said - Benjamin Franklin - actions speak louder than words and that it is more important to follow through on promises than simply talk about them. ============ XXX
============ YYY * barley, yeast, leaven, malt 누룩, barley = 보리 a strong cereal of the genus hordeum, or its grains, often used as food or to make malted drinks, yeast = 이스트, 효모균, yeast is an often humid, yellowish froth produced by fermenting malt worts, and used to brew beer, leaven bread, and also used in certain medicines.
leaven = 효모(특히 이스트) any agent used to make dough rise or to have a similar effect on baked goods,
malt = 싹이튼 보리 (맥주, 위스키 등의 원료가 되는) 맥아, 엿기름, malt is grain (sprouted grain) (usually barley), used in brewing and otherwise. ----------- * You're, your, You're = you are의 축약형, Your =너[너희들/당신(들)]의, ============ ZZZ